{"id":9998,"date":"2016-11-04T15:15:07","date_gmt":"2016-11-04T19:15:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather\/"},"modified":"2016-11-04T15:15:07","modified_gmt":"2016-11-04T19:15:07","slug":"seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Seek Alternate Route: MBTA Experiencing Severe Delays Due to Weather"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Extraordinary winter weather events in 2015 paralyzed the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (\u201cMBTA\u201d) prompting unprecedented system shutdowns, widespread public condemnation, and a bleak picture of public transit in an era of climate change. Snowstorms and other extreme weather events such as heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods are expected to increase in frequency due to climate change. Like many public transit systems across the country, the MBTA faces the challenge of adapting to climate change while confronting a large maintenance backlog and chronic underinvestment. The MBTA is especially vulnerable to such weather events given the age of the system and its reliance on tunnels that flood, roads that are made impassable by snow, and signals and electric systems that are strained in extreme temperatures.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_11626\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11626\" style=\"width: 371px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11626 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/08subway_print-105-2.jpg\" alt=\"08subway_print-105-2\" width=\"371\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/08subway_print-105-2.jpg 371w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/08subway_print-105-2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/08subway_print-105-2-298x300.jpg 298w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11626\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[Image 1]<\/figcaption><\/figure><strong>MBTA Functions and Vulnerabilities<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The MBTA is a key component of the Greater Boston economy and a necessary public service to commuters and the underserved. Over 389 million MBTA trips were completed in 2013 for travel between work, home, school, and play across 1,329 route miles [1]. Ridership is expected to increase between 1.2% and 2.9% per year over the next 5 years in a system that is partially overcapacity. [2]<\/p>\n<p>The MBTA system is composed of heavy and light rail, bus, and ferry routes that each face unique climate change challenges given increased ridership and public\u00a0dependency on reliable service. The following weather events are expected to become more frequent in an era of climate change and will impact specific services within the MBTA system:<\/p>\n<p><em>Intense Precipitation Events<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flooding of track, bus ways, tunnels, maintenance lots, and facilities<\/li>\n<li>Risk of landslides and structural failures<\/li>\n<li>Heavy snow inhibiting tracks, rail switches, signals, and bus routes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>High Heat<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Track buckling<\/li>\n<li>Customer comfort issues<\/li>\n<li>Worker safety issues<\/li>\n<li>Electricity Demand and Supply Issues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Extreme Cold<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pipe, motor, and other core infrastructure failures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Rising Sea Levels<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flooding of track, bus ways, tunnels, maintenance lots, and facilities<\/li>\n<li>Higher groundwater level floods tunnels [3]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each of these vulnerabilities can result in reduced or cancelled service, long-term infrastructure damage, potential threat to passenger and worker safety, and increased customer service complaints. Given Boston&#8217;s position along the ocean, flooding is especially damaging as salt water exposure can corrode rails, signals, and communication tables [4].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Existing MBTA Climate Change Resiliency and Response<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As part of a system-wide sustainability program, the MBTA has created an Environmental Sustainability Management System (ESMS) that emphasizes continuous improvement, review of operating procedures, and coordination with partner agencies to improve sustainability and adapt to climate change across the MBTA system [5]. The MBTA is currently conducting a comprehensive risk assessment and analysis of all assets vulnerable to climate change events and is \u201cflagging\u201d vulnerable assets in its internal asset management system. The MBTA has also added climate change vulnerability to its decision-making criteria for funding projects in its 5-year capital improvement plan [6]. Furthermore, the MBTA is collaborating with local, state, and federal agencies to coordinate climate change response and share expertise [6].<\/p>\n<p>Specific climate change resiliency projects include the construction of a retaining wall and watertight barriers in the Green Line\u2019s Fenway Portal tunnel and the reconstruction of a seawall adjacent to a bus maintenance facility in Charlestown. Following the winter of 2015, the MBTA installed third rail heaters to clear snow and ice on the Red and Orange Lines, constructed snow barriers to prevent snow drifts on tracks, and purchased power generators and snow removal equipment to build in additional capabilities during extreme precipitation events [7].<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_11583\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11583\" style=\"width: 301px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11583\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-04-at-2.56.42-PM.png\" alt=\"screen-shot-2016-11-04-at-2-56-42-pm\" width=\"301\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-04-at-2.56.42-PM.png 640w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-04-at-2.56.42-PM-300x235.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-04-at-2.56.42-PM-600x471.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11583\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">[Image 2]<\/figcaption><\/figure><strong>The Future for the MBTA and Public Transit<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The MBTA has a unique opportunity to incorporate climate change resiliency into existing infrastructure improvements as it works to make investments in an aging system. However, the MBTA must propose and prioritize direct climate change adaptation projects into core components of the system such the installation of flood gates and plugs at key subway portals [4] and pumping systems in flood-prone areas. The MBTA must also invest in auxiliary and readily deployable assets such as movable generators and pumps and maintain back-up equipment such as supplementary subway cars and buses to respond to and minimize the impact of severe weather events. Contingency planning and frequent risk reassessment given the challenges of predicting the effects of climate change must also be practiced and communicated within the MBTA system and with partner state and local agencies.<\/p>\n<p>Climate change is\u00a0a formidable challenge to public transportation systems across the United States. As the MBTA experienced in the winter of 2015, extreme weather events place unique strains on a transit system\u2019s ability to deliver service and expose core vulnerabilities. Preparing for such climate change effects is essential to serving the passengers and regional economies that increasingly depend on a reliable public transit system.<\/p>\n<p>Word Count: 782<\/p>\n<p><strong>Citations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mbta.com\/uploadedfiles\/documents\/2014%20BLUEBOOK%2014th%20Edition(1).pdf\">MBTA Blue Book. 2014.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[2] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mbta.com\/uploadedfiles\/About_the_T\/Board_Meetings\/RidershipProjections2015.pdf\">MBTA Ridership: History and Projections. Presentation delivered to Fiscal and Management Control Board. November 18, 2015.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[3] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.transit.dot.gov\/research-innovation\/flooded-bus-barns-and-buckled-rails-public-transportation-and-climate-change\">Federal Transit Administration. Flooded Barns and Buckled Rails: Public Transportation and Climate Change Adaptation. August 2011 FTA Research Report.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[4]\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.umasstransportationcenter.org\/Document.asp?DocID=106\">Climate Change Resiliency at the MBTA: Presentation at MassDOT Moving Together Conference. September 29, 2016.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[5] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mbta.com\/uploadedfiles\/About_the_T\/Board_Meetings\/UPDATED_Sustainability%20Presentation%20FCMB%20-5-16-16.pdf\">MBTA Sustainability Program\u00a0Presentation to the MBTA Fiscal Management Control Board.\u00a0May 16, 2016.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[6] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mbta.com\/about_the_mbta\/environment\/\">About the MBTA: Sustainability. Accessed November 4, 2016.<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>[7 ]\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mbta.com\/about_the_mbta\/news_events\/?id=6442454500&amp;\">Governor Baker Announces $83.7 Million Winter Resiliency Plan. Accessed November 4, 2016<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[Image 1] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/metro\/2012\/07\/07\/working-against-time-wellington-team-keeps-old-mbta-cars-service\/1NFyTGJaanXEIyiKxg8hGL\/story.html\">Working against time, Wellington team keeps old MBTA cars in service. The Boston Globe. July 8, 2012. Accessed November 3, 2016.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[Image 2]\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.umasstransportationcenter.org\/Document.asp?DocID=106\">Climate Change Resiliency at the MBTA: Presentation at MassDOT Moving Together Conference. September 29, 2016.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Climate change promises to derail business as usual in Boston\u2019s aging transit system.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2572,"featured_media":10088,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[640,1541,1540,164],"class_list":["post-9998","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-government","category-massachusetts","category-public-transit","category-transportation"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/climate-change-challenge-2016\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Seek Alternate Route: MBTA Experiencing Severe Delays Due to Weather - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Seek Alternate Route: MBTA Experiencing Severe Delays Due to Weather - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Climate change promises to derail business as usual in Boston\u2019s aging transit system.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/463086848.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1551\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1038\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Seek Alternate Route: MBTA Experiencing Severe Delays Due to Weather - Technology and Operations Management\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2016\\\/11\\\/463086848.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-11-04T19:15:07+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/seek-alternate-route-mbta-experiencing-severe-delays-due-to-weather-2\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2016\\\/11\\\/463086848.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2016\\\/11\\\/463086848.jpg\",\"width\":1551,\"height\":1038,\"caption\":\"QUINCY, MA - FEBRUARY 9: A snow-covered third rail caused an MBTA train in Quincy, Mass. to get stuck between the Quincy Adams and Quincy Center stations. 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