{"id":9945,"date":"2016-11-04T05:23:45","date_gmt":"2016-11-04T09:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/when-climate-bites-the-link-between-dengue-fever-and-climate-change\/"},"modified":"2016-11-04T17:59:01","modified_gmt":"2016-11-04T21:59:01","slug":"when-climate-bites-controlling-the-spread-of-dengue-fever","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/when-climate-bites-controlling-the-spread-of-dengue-fever\/","title":{"rendered":"When Climate Bites | Controlling the Spread of Dengue Fever"},"content":{"rendered":"

Over the past decade researchers have seen a dramatic rise in the incidence of infectious diseases including dengue, chikungunya, SARS, and zika virus.[1]<\/a> Mathematical modeling has been used to understand potential relationships between climate variables and biologic parameters such as mosquito breeding, survival, biting rates, and parasite incubation time.\u00a0 Changes in environmental variables such as ocean warming, elevated precipitation, urbanization, and urban crowding have also been linked to the rising incidence of mosquito borne diseases in previously unexposed regions.[2]<\/a>\u00a0 Modeling of new dengue fever hot-spots has suggested that small temperature increases can play a significant role in disease transmission.[3]<\/a> \u00a0Specifically, models of a global temperature increase of 2-3\u00baC have predicted a 3-5% increase in the risk of dengue infection, which amounts to several hundred million new cases per year.[4]<\/a> In the 1960\u2019s, less than ten countries had experienced severe dengue epidemics. \u00a0Now, over 100 countries in the WHO regions of Africa, the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and the Western Pacific, have seen dengue spread to their shores.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Dengue fever is transmitted between people through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti <\/em>mosquitos. The WHO has set the objective of reducing dengue related mortality by 50% and morbidity by 25% in endemic countries by 2020. Their strategy to reduce the transmission of dengue includes infection prevention, mosquito control, public education, and vaccination. [6]<\/a> In 2016, the first dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi, was registered and distributed in several countries with the goal of reducing the global burden of dengue fever.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Dengvaxia was produced using Sanofi\u2019s ChimeriVax technology platform which is based on a yellow fever viral backbone.[8]<\/a> Given the rising burden of dengue, Sanofi received \u201cfast track\u201d status in 2010 from the U.S. FDA and became the world\u2019s first dengue vaccine to start Phase III trials.[9]<\/a> \u00a0The FDA fast-track designation \u201crecognized that a dengue vaccine would address an important unmet medical need for a serious disease\u201d with increased incidence trends linked to climate change.[10]<\/a> In anticipation of a common challenge in vaccine development \u2013 the shortage of vaccine manufacturing and process development capacity[11]<\/a> \u2013 Sanofi strategically invested in a \u20ac300 million production facility in France well in advance of the Phase III efficacy trial. \u00a0This facility has been operating since 2014 and has a yearly production capacity of 100 million vaccine doses.[7]<\/a> Dengvaxia is currently approved for use in Mexico, Brazil, the Phillipines and El Salvador.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Given its recent success launching Dengvaxia, I would encourage Sanofi Pasteur to leverage its unique manufacturing platform and the readiness of regulators to fast-track clinical steps to accelerate the simultaneous development and Phase I testing of multiple new vaccine candidates. \u00a0While Sanofi has announced a plan to develop a vaccine against Zika virus, their 2016 Letter to Shareholders doesn\u2019t mention growing the R&D pipeline.[9]<\/a> In addition to investing in product development, Sanofi should focus on streamlining its clinical trial processes which rely on decade-old technology and suffer from bottlenecks in data transferring.[13]<\/a> By optimizing early clinical trial processes, Sanofi can promote rapid data acquisition and processing to facilitate smart decision making. By focusing on manufacturing excellence, Sanofi will continue to be a world leader in the vaccine industry.<\/p>\n

761 words<\/em><\/p>\n

________________________________________________________<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Patz, J.A., et al., Effects of environmental change on emerging parasitic diseases. Int J Parasitol, 30(12-13): p. 1395-405 (2000).<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Wilson, M.L., Ecology and infectious disease, in Ecosystem Change and Public Health: A Global Perspective, J.L. Aron and J.A. Patz, Editors. 2001, Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. p. 283-324.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> http:\/\/www.climatecentral.org\/blogs\/the-climate-connection-to-dengue-fever<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Hales, S., et al., Potential effect of population and climate changes on global distribution of dengue fever: an empirical model. Lancet, 360: p. 830-834 (2002).<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> World Health organization. Dengue and severe dengue. Factsheet No 117.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> World Health Organization. Global strategy for dengue control and prevention 2010-2020. Geneva: WHO, 2012. Available at: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/75303\/1\/9789241504034_eng.pdf<\/a>. Last accessed on November 4, 2016.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Thomas, Stephen. “The Necessity And Quandaries Of Dengue Vaccine Development”. Jid.oxfordjournals.org<\/em>. N.p., 2016. Web. 4 Nov. 2016.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Gray, N., Sanofi CEO wants to leverage Dengue vax success to expedite Zika vaccine development. 2016, BioPharmaDIVE. Available at: http:\/\/www.biopharmadive.com\/news\/sanofi-ceo-wants-to-leverage-dengue-vax-success-to-expedite-zika-vaccine-de\/413671\/<\/a>. Last accessed Novemeber 4, 2016.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> March 2016 Letter to shareholders. Retrieved November 4, 2016, from http:\/\/en.sanofi.com\/Images\/46626_Letter_to_shareholders_03_2016.pdf<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Sanofi Pasteur Announces Publication In The Lancet Of World’s First Efficacy Results For Its Dengue Vaccine Candidate. European Pharmaceutical Review<\/em>. N.p., 2016. Web. 4 Nov. 2016.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> IAVI Report – Breaking The Bottleneck”. Lavire Port. 2016. Last accessed on November 4, 2016.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Sanofi Pasteur. Sanofi Pasteur Dengue Vaccine Frequently Asked Questions \u2013 July 2016.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> McDonald, C., Vaccines 2016: Big Bets for Global Threats. 2006, Pharmaceutical Executive. 36 (3). Available at: http:\/\/www.pharmexec.com\/vaccines-2016-big-bets-global-threats<\/a>. Last accessed on November 4, 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sanofi Pasteur dengue vaccine receives expedited approval in endemic areas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2068,"featured_media":9984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1218,1683,1682,1685,1686,1684,1687,1688],"class_list":["post-9945","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change","category-dengue-vaccine","category-infectious-diseases","category-medicine","category-pharmaceutical","category-sanofi-pasteur","category-vaccine-registration","category-world-health-organization"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/climate-change-challenge-2016\/","yoast_head":"\nWhen Climate Bites | Controlling the Spread of Dengue Fever - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/when-climate-bites-controlling-the-spread-of-dengue-fever\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"When Climate Bites | Controlling the Spread of Dengue Fever - 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