{"id":8190,"date":"2016-11-02T22:37:09","date_gmt":"2016-11-03T02:37:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/wine-is-at-risk-or-how-a-global-wine-company-is-responding-to-climate-change-and-what-else-needs-to-be-done\/"},"modified":"2016-11-02T22:37:09","modified_gmt":"2016-11-03T02:37:09","slug":"wine-is-at-risk-or-how-a-global-wine-company-is-responding-to-climate-change-and-what-else-needs-to-be-done","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/wine-is-at-risk-or-how-a-global-wine-company-is-responding-to-climate-change-and-what-else-needs-to-be-done\/","title":{"rendered":"WINE IS AT RISK! OR HOW A GLOBAL WINE COMPANY IS RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND WHAT ELSE NEEDS TO BE DONE"},"content":{"rendered":"

A wine lover knows that the ideal temperature to serve Cabernet Sauvignon is at around 65\u00b0F while Chardonnay is best if served cooler, at around 50\u00b0F. But do they know how vulnerable wine is to climate variability? Grape quality and berry composition are greatly affected by temperature[1]<\/a>,[2]<\/a>. Scholars claim that climate change is posing a legitimate threat to the sustainability of the wine industry[3]<\/a>,[4]<\/a>,[5]<\/a>. It is predicted that virtually no wine region in the world will remain unaffected by the climate change while some wine regions can experience a drop of 85% in production by 2050[6]<\/a>,[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Treasury Wine Estates: To Please Your Palate <\/em>and Your Curiosity<\/strong><\/p>\n

Treasury Wine Estates (hereafter \u201cTWE\u201d) is one of the largest wine companies in the world. Before the demerger in May 2011, it was an integral part and the wine-making division of Foster\u2019s Group (hereafter \u201cFoster\u2019s\u201d). TWE grows and sources grapes from its own, leased and grower vineyards throughout Australia, New Zealand, the U.S., and Italy as well as from the bulk wine market[8]<\/a>. It markets and sells a wide variety of brands \u2013 for the wine-lovers out there, think of the iconic Australian Penfolds <\/em>or local American Beringer, Chateau St. Jean. <\/em>Not only did I choose a company that could please different palates <\/em>with its wide portfolio of brands, TWE is a public multi-billion-dollar company that operates in different regions across the world. Due to its size, data accessibility and international presence, TWE (or former Foster\u2019s) has attracted interest of scholars who study the implications of a climate change on wine-making[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"picture2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Governing Inside to Mitigate and Adapt to the Outside<\/strong><\/p>\n

Below is the summary table of the actions that Foster\u2019s took to address the impact of climate change. Although no follow-up research has been done to analyze the results of these actions after the demerger, the company still presents an interesting case-study with its well-structured and multifaceted response and mitigation plan.<\/p>\n

TWE\/Foster\u2019s response to climate change[10]<\/a><\/em>\u00a0<\/em>
\n\"wine-ppt\"<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Governance actions:<\/em> TWE\/Foster\u2019s established an Environmental Leadership Team (ELT)<\/em>, which was comprised of global cross-functional groups and responsible for developing and monitoring environmental strategy at site and company levels. The ELT standardized company\u2019s environmental objectives (Global Environmental Policy<\/em>) and ensured that Carbon Reduction and Energy\/Water Use Efficiency targets were included in the company\u2019s key performance objectives expected of all employees.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mitigative actions:<\/em> TWE\/Foster\u2019s implemented changes, aimed at reducing their carbon footprint, throughout its value chain, i.e., growing, production and distribution[12]<\/a>. Its key actions addressed what many studies reported to be the main contributors of climate change in the wine industry \u2013 packaging[13]<\/a>, chemical fertilizer use[14]<\/a> and energy consumption (which accounts for 60-75% of overall greenhouse gas emissions in wineries)[15]<\/a>. Although some of Foster\u2019s actions were dictated by the regulatory and industry standards, the company also engaged in additional technological solutions and process innovation[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Adaptive actions:<\/em> TWE\/Foster\u2019s is also preparing for the dire consequences of climate change by planting new grape varieties that are suitable for hotter climates, planning to buy land in areas that are less affected by higher temperatures and replanting the land that was abandoned for being too cool[17]<\/a>. However, planting new grape varieties, whether in an existing or a new vineyard, is a very long process that could take from a couple of years to decades before grapes can be commercialized[18]<\/a>,[19]<\/a>. Foster also tries to adapt to less rainfall through efficient use of water[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Cooperation: Answer for the Future <\/strong><\/p>\n

TWE\/Foster\u2019s has initiated comprehensive steps to mitigate and adapt to the changing environmental scenario. However, climate change is global in nature, and it is casting survival doubts on the entire wine industry worldwide. I would argue that the fight to adapt, mitigate and rectify its dire consequences calls for a collective global approach. To address the common threat, wine companies should come together and initiate an information and knowledge sharing mechanism. To understand what climatic factors affect different crop types across different regions, what steps can be taken to improve yield, quality and, if possible, to reverse some of the damage already done. This framework would help in information dissemination and to spread best practices and innovations. To a smaller extent, it is already happening \u2013 some wine companies in Australia (especially those in leading wine regions) are actively pursuing knowledge exchanges about climate change with one another[21]<\/a>. The research shows that these knowledge exchanges improves the innovative capacity and the implementation rates of climate change innovations[22]<\/a>,[23]<\/a>,[24]<\/a>,[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"picture3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

750 words<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Coombe, B.G., 1987. Influence of temperature on composition and quality of grapes. Acta Hortic,<\/em> Volume 206, p. 23\u201333.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Briche, E., Beltrando, B., Somot, S. & Quenol, H., 2014. Critical analysis of simulated daily temperature data from the ARPEGE-climate model: application to climate change in the Champagne wine-producing region. Climatic Change<\/em>, Volume 123, p. 242.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Ibid., p. 6.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Jones, G.V., White, M., Cooper, O. & Storchmann, K., 2005. Climate change and global wine quality. Climatic Change<\/em>, Volume 73, p. 319\u2013343.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Nemani, R.R., White, M.A., Cayan, D.R., Jones, G.V., Running, S.W. & Coughlan, J.C., 2001. Asymmetric warming over coastal California and its impact on the premium wine industry. Climate Research<\/em>, Volume 19, p. 25\u201334.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Galbreath, J., Charles, D. & Oczkowski, E., 2016. The Drivers of Climate Change Innovations: Evidence<\/p>\n

from the Australian Wine Industry. J Bus Ethics,<\/em> Volume 135, p. 219.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> Hannah, L., Roehrdanz, P. R., Ikegami, M., Shepard, A. V., Shaw, M.R., Tabor, G., Zhi, L., Marguet, P. A. & Hijmans, R. J., 2013. Climate change, wine, and conservation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science<\/em>, 110<\/em>(17), 6907\u20136912.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Treasury Wine Estates. \u201cAbout Company\u201d. https:\/\/www.tweglobal.com\/about<\/a>, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> Galbreath, J., 2011. To What Extent is Business Responding to Climate Change? Evidence from a Global Wine Producer. J Bus Ethics<\/em>, Volume 104, p. 421\u2013432.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Adapted from Ibid., p. 426.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> Ibid., p. 421-432.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> Ibid., p. 421-432.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> Colman, T., Paster, P., 2009. Red, white, and \u2018green\u2019: The cost of greenhouse gas emissions in the global wine trade. Journal of Wine Research<\/em>, Volume 20, p. 15\u201326.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> Ibid., p. 15-26.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> Commonwealth of Australia, 2003. A guide to energy efficiency innovation in Australia wineries: Energy efficiency best practice. <\/em>Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> Galbreath, J., 2011. To What Extent is Business Responding to Climate Change? Evidence from a Global Wine Producer. J Bus Ethics<\/em>, Volume 104, p. 421\u2013432.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> Ibid., p. 421-432.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> Galbreath, J., 2011. Climate change and Margaret River wine: Study results. <\/em>Perth: Curtin Graduate School of Business.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> Galbreath, J., 2011. To What Extent is Business Responding to Climate Change? Evidence from a Global Wine Producer. J Bus Ethics<\/em>, Volume 104, p. 421\u2013432.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> Ibid., p. 421-432.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> Galbreath, J., 2015. To cooperate or compete? Looking at the climate change issue in the wine industry. International Journal of Wine Business Research<\/em>, Volume 2, p. 220-238.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> Ibid., p. 220-238.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> Bell, G.G., 2005. Clusters, networks, and firm innovativeness. Strategic Management Journal<\/em>, Volume 26, p. 287-295.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> Jaffe, A.B., Trajtenberg, M. & Henderson, R., 1993. Geographic localisation of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 108, p. 577-598.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> Galbreath, J., Oczkowski, E., 2013. Determinants of climate change innovation: a study of meso- and micro-level perspectives, in Proceedings of the Australia and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference<\/em>, Hobart.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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