{"id":5574,"date":"2015-12-09T19:47:02","date_gmt":"2015-12-10T00:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/terra-nova-proving-that-irregular-land-titling-can-be-a-strong-business-case\/"},"modified":"2015-12-09T19:47:02","modified_gmt":"2015-12-10T00:47:02","slug":"terra-nova-proving-that-irregular-land-titling-can-be-a-strong-business-case","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/terra-nova-proving-that-irregular-land-titling-can-be-a-strong-business-case\/","title":{"rendered":"Terra Nova: Proving that Irregular Land Titling Can Be a Strong Business Case"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Nn9yanBHyAo\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Nn9yanBHyAo<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Terra Nova (TN) is the only Brazilian company focused on providing support services for the formalization of illegally invaded urban areas, acting as an intermediator between landowners and occupants. Founded in 2001, Terra Nova empowers the low-income community to play the main role in a conflict that traditionally depended on government bureaucratic solutions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The Company\u2019s model is based on the assumption that the wealth and resources to get the problem solved lies in the communities themselves \u2013 if properly organized. The framework relies on a peaceful multi-stakeholder negotiation and an innovative legal structure that brings together community associations, the private sector and government agencies. Once an agreement is reached, it enables\u00a0occupants\u00a0to indemnify landowners and acquire title to the land they have been living in. TN\u2019s approach to dispute resolution not only produces solid positive social impact, but has also proven more efficient and cost-effective than the existing government-run processes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>The Context:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Brazil presents a large deficit of low-income housings, driven by a highly unstructured and intense urbanization process and followed by a lack of government investment, increasing the social inequality throughout the country. As a result, families began to occupy public and privately-owned land, often in areas of high risk. Currently, Brazil has more than 2 million people living in areas lacking formal land titles and essential public services. TN is focused on private areas undergoing eviction processes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">With irregularities in the land title, Brazilian government has difficulties (and low incentives) to cope with its social obligations, and occupants and landowners are also discouraged to invest in maintenance and home improvements, given the uncertainty of the future outcome. In addition, the government has failed to address the issue of urban informality, accumulating piles of lawsuits related to land reapropriation. Government initiatives to settle land ownership disputes generally rely on costly and protracted land expropriation processes to distribute property titles to residents of informally settled communities for free. Lack of continuity of government policies, conflicting political interests and the amount of resources required to regularize or reintegrate the possession of these properties have made it all but impracticable for the State to successfully address such complex issues.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Win-Win Operating Model:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Georgia',serif;color: #333333\">TN\u2019s operating model consists of (i) identification of potentially regularizing areas, (ii) preparation of a feasibility study to identify the economic and legal likelihood of the project, (iii) informal and judicial agreements in which high attention is paid to community engagement and preparedness (iv) project implementation and (v) project maintenance. For the services rendered along the entire process, TN receives a percentage of the land purchase price, aligning incentives among the different parties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Georgia',serif;color: #333333\">Once a potential area is identified, a traditional project will pursue the following course of actions:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Operating-Model.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5543\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Operating-Model.jpg\" alt=\"Operating Model\" width=\"845\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Operating-Model-300x45.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Operating-Model-1024x154.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Operating-Model-600x90.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 845px) 100vw, 845px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><u>Feasibility Study:<\/u> Initial roadmap that shall be constructed to understand if a target area can be successfully regularized, verifying land ownership and fiscal obligations, and identifying potential community leaderships. The feasibility study represents less than 1% of the total costs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><u>Diagnostic:<\/u> At this stage, it is fundamental that a strong community leadership is identified, since normally one single landowner has more than 10 families living in its property. Terra Nova deeply analyzes the legal feasibility of the project and the community demographics (investigating payment capacity and commitment to the project). The Company also drafts the purchase conditions for the negotiation stage. The diagnostic phase\u00a0represents approximately 25% of the total costs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><u>Negotiation:<\/u> Presentation of and agreement on purchase conditions and payment terms. At this stage, the Company works with the government to negotiate commitment to infrastructure development in the area, once the regulation is concluded. Rights and duties document are signed by all parties. The negotiation phase represents approximately 25% of the total costs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><u>Ratification:<\/u> The Judicial Agreement is ratified in the courts, providing legal protection necessary to begin securing the indemnification contracts from the residents. Titling is\u00a0held from buyers up until final payment is made. The ratification stage represents approximately 15% of total costs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><u>Implementation:<\/u> Since each transaction involve more than 10 families, a dedicated community agent is assigned to the project for the entire period and has the goal of capturing 70% of contracts in the first 7 months of operation. The implementation\u00a0phase represents approximately 40% of the total costs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>A Triple-Bottom-Line Successful Model<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">TN is an example of effectiveness, because it can integrate social development, sustainable urbanization and value creation through an operating model that empowers the community, raising them to act as agents of transformation, in a world that government uses to play the main role. TN operates in a win-win model, in which the landowners receive benefits from the increase in its land valuation (priory considered a dead zone), government starts receiving property taxes (and no longer has to conduct costly land tenure processes), and the occupants no longer live on a threat of eviction. Land regularization, not only improves the life-quality of the occupants, but also acts as an important economic integration tool, providing the community access to credit (with the land as collateral) and formal jobs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Terra Nova\u2019s operating model accelerates the conflict resolution in years. Agreements are now reached in 18-24 months, in comparison with 10-15 years of the traditional paths.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Terra-Nova-TBL.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5555\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Terra-Nova-TBL.jpg\" alt=\"Terra Nova - TBL\" width=\"805\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Terra-Nova-TBL.jpg 950w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Terra-Nova-TBL-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Terra-Nova-TBL-600x449.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Terra Nova already changed the reality of 3,500 low income households, with a long-term business plan focused on land tenure regularization of more than 20,000 families. Although, TN\u2019s operating model is highly depend on the success of each transaction and in the engagement of the community, the Company presents a strong competitive advantage due its learning curve in the last decade, in a highly complex industry with multilateral agreements combined with the extensiveness of resources required, forming a potential entry barrier. Because of its operating model focused on creating partnership and strong relationships among the involved parties, government, landowners and communities are constantly presenting new opportunities to the Company\u2019s pipeline.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Moreover, even with differences between country\u2019s regulations, Terra Nova\u2019s operating model could be expanded to other regions, mainly in Latin America. The United Nations estimates that 1 billion people live in slums in the world, a figure projected to reach 1.4 billion by 2020. \u00a0Terra Nova and its shareholders are an example that impact investing has the potential to play an important role in the solution of our social and environmental issues in a large scale, since it also presents positive and sustainable economic impact.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: 'Georgia',serif;color: #333333\">References:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Georgia',serif;color: #333333\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.grupoterranova.com.br\">www.grupoterranova.com.br<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;line-height: 18.0pt\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Georgia',serif;color: #333333\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.movinvestimentos.com.br\">www.movinvestimentos.com.br<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Terra Nova and its shareholders are an example that impact investing has the potential to play an important role in the solution of our social and environmental issues in a large scale.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":994,"featured_media":5575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[880,899,13,401,424,900],"class_list":["post-5574","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-brazil","category-impact-investing","category-latin-america","category-social-enterprise","category-social-impact","category-triple-bottom-line"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/the-tom-challenge-tom-winners-and-losers-assignment\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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