  {"id":4802,"date":"2015-12-09T17:44:24","date_gmt":"2015-12-09T22:44:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/spirit-airlines-the-airline-everyone-loves-to-hate\/"},"modified":"2015-12-09T17:44:24","modified_gmt":"2015-12-09T22:44:24","slug":"spirit-airlines-the-airline-everyone-loves-to-hate","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/spirit-airlines-the-airline-everyone-loves-to-hate\/","title":{"rendered":"Spirit Airlines: The airline everyone loves to hate"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Spirit Airlines is a business paradox: the airline has the highest percentage of complaints per 10,000 passengers, but also boasts the best profit margins in the industry. How does an airline that consumers claim to hate continue to outperform competitors on profit margin and revenue growth?\u00a0It&#8217;s because Spirit\u00a0has a significant\u00a0competitive advantage (low-cost tickets) due to the alignment between the business model and the operating model.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Business Model<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Spirit is an ultra-low cost airline carrier, targeting price sensitive leisure travelers who pay for their own travel. This leisure segment of the market is underserved, as the major U.S carriers focus on business travelers who care most about flight schedule and service.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Spirit believes that passengers should only pay for what they want.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Spirit Airlines competes by offering low \u201cBare Fares,\u201d which is, in their own words, a seat and \u201cgas money to get you from A to B.\u201d The Bare Fare does not include items typically included in an airline ticket, such as beverages on the flight, carry-on baggage, and a reserved seat. These additional services are optional and come with a price tag of their own. Even with the add-ons, Spirit reports that its total all-in fares for consumers are <strong>40% less than other major airlines<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"This is Spirit\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/94058735?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operating Model<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>To support this low-cost business model, Spirit effectively drives operating costs down by strategically maximizing capacity and asset utilization.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Equipment &amp; Labor<\/strong>: Spirit operates just one type of aircraft &#8211; Airbus A320s. Spirit flight crews only need to be trained on this type of aircraft, which cuts down on incremental training costs, and they\u00a0can operate across all of Spirit\u2019s fleet, allowing for maximum flight crew utilization &amp; flexibility. In addition, some of Spirit\u2019s personnel execute multiple roles for the airline. For example, flight attendants might also act as gate agents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maximizing capacity<\/strong>: Spirit&#8217;s Airbuses have the capacity to carry about 20% more passengers than their competitors. In an effort to maximize number of seats on a given plane, Spirit seats are organized in a dense configuration with minimal leg room, plus the seats don\u2019t recline. Though uncomfortable for passenger, this lowers Spirit&#8217;s operating costs per available seat mile (or CASM). Having more passengers on Spirit\u2019s planes allows the fixed costs to be spread over more seats, thus lowering the cost that each passenger needs to pay.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Passenger capacity of Airbus 320 by airline:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Spirit: 178<\/li>\n<li>United: 138-150<\/li>\n<li>Jet Blue: 150<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Asset Utilization<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flying time<\/strong>: Spirit\u2019s flight schedule is quite erratic, with some routes having take-off times of 1:30am. Flying at all hours of the day and night plus turning their planes around quickly enables Spirit to maximize daily flight time and, in turn, asset utilization. Spirit has the highest daily flight time compared to other low-cost carriers:\u00a0Spirit: 12.7 hours per day, Jet Blue: 11.8 hours\/day, and Southwest: 10.9 hours per day.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fuel Efficiency<\/strong>: In an effort to reduce fuel costs, Spirit strives to minimize the weight of each plane. They have cut every extra nonessential item in their passenger cabins: no television, entertainment centers or wifi, no magazines in the seat-back pocket (in fact, no seat-back pocket at all!), and only one bathroom in the coach cabin. Spirit also incentives passengers to lighten their load by applying hefty fees to checked bags and carry-on bags ($100\/carry-on if you wait until the gate). These efforts have paid off: in 2014, Spirit\u00a0was ranked as the most fuel efficient airline.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Costs per available seat mile (CASM) by airline:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5068 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-1-1024x640.jpg\" alt=\"graph 1\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-1-1024x640.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-1-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-1-600x375.jpg 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-1.jpg 1208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Advertising<\/strong>: To optimize a scrappy media budget, Spirit\u2019s advertising strategy has been to create humorous, off-color advertising in hopes that they go viral. For example, they released an advertisement for a route to Toronto with the headline \u201cWe\u2019re not smoking crack\u2026 our fares really are this low!\u201d which was a dig at Toronto major Rob Ford, who had recently admitted that he smoked crack. Spirit\u2019s ads do go viral in\u00a0some cases, giving them tons of earned media for a fraction of the cost of their competitors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong>: Spirit Airlines has clearly done a great job of aligning its business model to its operating model to drive down costs, while growing profit margin. And Spirit\u2019s not overly worried about improving their reputation, though they are trying to better manage consumer expectations. According to Spirit\u2019s CEO Ben Baldanza, \u201cWhat people say and what people do are different things. And people like to save money.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-5112 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-2.png\" alt=\"graph 2\" width=\"640\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-2.png 640w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-2-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/graph-2-600x407.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/spirit-airlines-profits-driven-low-182917159.html\">http:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/spirit-airlines-profits-driven-low-182917159.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/spirit-airlines-loves-that-you-hate-their-ads-and-they-should\/\">http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/spirit-airlines-loves-that-you-hate-their-ads-and-they-should\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/travel\/2015\/12\/05\/spirit-fares-may-low-but--time-performance-lags\/76251328\/\">http:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/travel\/2015\/12\/05\/spirit-fares-may-low-but&#8211;time-performance-lags\/76251328\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/toprightpartners.com\/smoking-sign-illuminated-2\/\">http:\/\/toprightpartners.com\/smoking-sign-illuminated-2\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/3701366-spirit-airlines-is-poised-to-be-the-next-ryanair\">http:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/3701366-spirit-airlines-is-poised-to-be-the-next-ryanair<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/if-spirit-airlines-is-so-unpopular-why-are-its-flights-so-full\/\">http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/if-spirit-airlines-is-so-unpopular-why-are-its-flights-so-full\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.spirit.com\/\">http:\/\/www.spirit.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How an airline that consumers claim to hate continues to outperform competitors on profit margin and revenue growth<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1081,"featured_media":4803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[107,289,408,110,550,7],"class_list":["post-4802","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-airline","category-alignment","category-asset-utilization","category-low-cost-uncategorized","category-spirit-airlines","category-winner"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/the-tom-challenge-tom-winners-and-losers-assignment\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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