  {"id":34483,"date":"2018-11-13T19:36:50","date_gmt":"2018-11-14T00:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/3d-printing-will-the-worlds-next-mega-city-drop-out-of-a-3d-printer\/"},"modified":"2018-11-13T19:37:51","modified_gmt":"2018-11-14T00:37:51","slug":"additive-manufacturing-will-the-worlds-next-mega-city-drop-out-of-a-3d-printer","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/additive-manufacturing-will-the-worlds-next-mega-city-drop-out-of-a-3d-printer\/","title":{"rendered":"Additive manufacturing \u2013 Will the world\u2019s next mega city drop out of a 3D printer?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Can you imagine building your next house from the push of a button? Will, you feel safe driving over a bridge if it was built by a giant printer? In this age of digital technology disruption, we as a society might not have a choice but to get comfortable with 3D printed infrastructures.<\/p>\n<p>Historically, the construction industry has been very conservative and relied on traditional techniques to solve the worlds growing problems of developing sustainable infrastructures. In recent years, the emergence of R&amp;D organizations has started to shed a bit of light on how additive manufacturing \u2013 3D printing could revolutionize the construction industry<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>. A strong sense of anticipation has been generated, however, overall 3D concrete printing is still in its early stage<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii].<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>3D printing \u2013 A fit for construction?<\/h2>\n<figure style=\"width: 844px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/3dprintingindustry.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Betonprinter_TUe_fietsbrugGemert-1.jpg\" width=\"844\" height=\"1500\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The TU Eindhoven concrete 3D printer printing the bridge. Photo via De Ingenieur.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This technology provides a wide range of application across industries with some of its most significant benefits to the construction industry listed below:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Implementation of Sophisticated designs:<\/span><br \/>\nThe technology also almost enables limitless freedom of design &#8211;\u00a0 simplified production of complex shapes and sizes could generate increased satisfaction in the construction of beautiful architectural designs.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Faster construction process:<\/span><br \/>\nPrototyping of 3D printing during construction has been proven to cut construction time drastically. For example, Researchers from the Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS) at the National University of Singapore have developed a novel toilet unit design that can be 3D printed in under five hours, which currently takes a day to build manually<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Reduced cost of the overall construction project:<\/span><br \/>\nThe new toilet unit design by the AM.NUS Construction 3D Printing Programme has been recorded to deliver 25% cost savings compared to conventional construction method<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Deliver on sustainable construction goals:<\/span><br \/>\nFirst, 3D printing allows for the use of less material during construction \u2013 causing less harm to the environment. This technology could also enable the use of environmentally friendly materials to be printed further reducing the harmful effect of this industry.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Additive manufacturing offers better overall efficiency as compared to the traditional manufacturing processes. As a result, the technology is expected to expand exponentially in the coming years in the construction sector. This will be highly beneficial in emerging markets like African countries battling with the stress of providing adequate infrastructure for a growing population<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[vii]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><u>How Eindhoven University of Technology (TU Eindhoven) is fostering the use of additive manufacturing to combat infrastructure issues across the Netherlands.<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Though the 3D printing business is still a niche market, there has been a rise in the number of specialized organizations focus prototyping solutions for construction players<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a>. One prominent example of this organization is the Eindhoven University of Technology. Their strategy has been to develop the additive manufacturing techniques in response to the increasing labor cost across Europe and partner with construction giants to deliver large-scale proof of concept.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Building the world&#8217;s first 3D-printed bridge<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">TU Eindhoven recently collaborated with Royal BAM Group, a Dutch general contractor to complete the World\u2019s first 3D printed bicycle bridge in Holland. The bridge is 8 meters long and 3.5 meters wide with 1 cm layers of concrete. Located in the small town of Gemert, just outside Eindhoven, the bridge was opened Oct 2017.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Gemert Noord-Om 3D-printed concrete bicycle bridge\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8RD2ea-CJE8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Building the world&#8217;s first neighborhood of habitable 3D printed houses<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">TU Eindhoven is on the path to create another historical moment \u2013 onsite printing the world\u2019s first habitable 3D houses by the middle of 2019 in compliance with the Dutch building code. The University has partnered with another Dutch construction company Van Wijnen to deliver on this project. The company claims to already have 20 buyers lined up for the first set of houses<a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"BAM Infra - 3D printing\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/c2ozmcWnSYQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Potential next steps:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The university has been a leader in 3D printing using concrete. They should consider partnerships with other disruptive startups in this space to exponentially grow. An example of a possible partnership here will be with MX3D (a Dutch-based startup), an organization with a specialized focus on metal 3D printing. Recently, this startup has started printing metal bridges <a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[x]<\/a>. The two organization could potentially work together to develop a machine capable of printing steel reinforced building components.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Forward-looking concerns:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As we look forward, several key issues need to be considered: how ready are we as consumers and regulators to embrace this change? How enthusiastic is the construction industry to make a switch from the dinosaur-aged construction techniques towards embracing this digital technology? And lastly who is responsible for developing the skills needed for this to thrive? The education system or the industry?<\/p>\n<p>(752 words)<\/p>\n<p>References:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> Philipp Gerbert, S. C., Digital in Engineering and Construction: The Transformative Power of Building Information Modeling, BCG Focus, March 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a> 3D concrete printing market is expected to cross $70 million by 2022: Credence research. (2016, Jul 19). M2 Presswire Retrieved from <a href=\"http:\/\/search.proquest.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/docview\/1805250921?accountid=11311\">http:\/\/search.proquest.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/docview\/1805250921?accountid=11311<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a> Subramanian, V. (2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/www-bccresearch-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/market-research\/advanced-materials\/metal-and-ceramic-injection-molding-avm049e.html\">Metal and Ceramic Injection Molding<\/a>. BCC Research.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a> The 3D printing in construction market is estimated to hit $314.95 million by 2023. (2018, May 14). M2 Presswire Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/docview\/2038182042?accountid=11311<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a> Singapore: NUS builds new 3D printing capabilities, paving the way for construction innovations &#8211; NUS construction 3D printing programme aims to transform construction with novel building designs and materials. (2018, Jul 06). Asia News Monitor Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/docview\/2064351155?accountid=11311<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a> Singapore: NUS builds new 3D printing capabilities, paving the way for construction innovations &#8211; NUS construction 3D printing programme aims to transform construction with novel building designs and materials. (2018, Jul 06). Asia News Monitor Retrieved from http:\/\/search.proquest.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/docview\/2064351155?accountid=11311<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a> Jacques Bughin, M. C. (2016, September). mckinsey global insitute. Retrieved from mckinsey.com: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/~\/media\/McKinsey\/Featured%20Insights\/Middle%20East%20and%20Africa\/Realizing%20the%20potential%20of%20Africas%20economies\/MGI-Lions-on-the-Move-2-Executive-summary-September-2016v2.ashx<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a> Romain de Laubier, M. W., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/en-pt\/publications\/2018\/will-3d-printing-remodel-construction-industry.aspx\">Will 3D Printing Remodel the Construction Industry<\/a>? BCG Focus, January\u00a0 2016<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a> Boffey, D. (2018, June 6). The Guardian. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/artanddesign\/2018\/jun\/06\/netherlands-to-build-worlds-first-habitable-3d-printed-houses<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[x]<\/a> France-Presse, A. (2017, October 17). The Guardian. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2017\/oct\/18\/world-first-3d-printed-bridge-cyclists-netherlands<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Can you imagine building your next house from the push of a button? Will, you feel safe driving over a bridge if it was built by a giant printer? In this age of digital technology disruption, we as a society [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11019,"featured_media":35845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[4471,428,1409],"class_list":["post-34483","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-addititive-manufacturing","category-construction","category-infrastructure","hck-taxonomy-organization-tu-eindhoven","hck-taxonomy-industry-education","hck-taxonomy-country-netherlands"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/rc-tom-challenge-2018\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Additive manufacturing \u2013 Will the world\u2019s next mega city drop out of a 3D printer? - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/additive-manufacturing-will-the-worlds-next-mega-city-drop-out-of-a-3d-printer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Additive manufacturing \u2013 Will the world\u2019s next mega city drop out of a 3D printer? - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Can you imagine building your next house from the push of a button? 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