{"id":32685,"date":"2018-11-13T15:15:02","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T20:15:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/how-additive-manufacturing-can-improve-access-to-adequate-housing\/"},"modified":"2018-11-13T15:17:37","modified_gmt":"2018-11-13T20:17:37","slug":"how-additive-manufacturing-can-improve-access-to-adequate-housing","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/how-additive-manufacturing-can-improve-access-to-adequate-housing\/","title":{"rendered":"How Additive Manufacturing Can Improve Access to Adequate Housing"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Source: New Story Company, \u201c3D Printed Home,\u201d https:\/\/newstorycharity.org\/3d-home\/, accessed November 2018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A significant number of people worldwide lack access to housing and the number is growing; how do we begin to solve this global housing crisis? New Story is a nonprofit with the goal of pioneering solutions to address global homelessness. [1] Through partnerships New Story is exploring the applications of additive manufacturing to home construction. [2]<\/p>\n

Currently 2% of the world\u2019s population is estimated to be homeless, ~150 million people, while 20% lack access to adequate housing, 1.6 billion people. [3] While this issue has several causes, at its core is a lack of affordable construction. Incremental improvements in the conventional ways homes are built won\u2019t solve the problem. Even in many developed nations the rate of homelessness has increased recently; Denmark, England, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and New Zealand are all developed nations where the rate of homelessness has been on the rise. [4] The world lacks the resources to meet the growing housing demand with the current processes.<\/p>\n

Over the last four years, New Story has funded 2,000 conventionally constructed homes at a cost of ~$6,500 per home. [5] New Story, however, is exploring for a step-change. Additive manufacturing could represent that drastic reduction in time and cost and potentially increases the worldwide home construction capacity. Additive manufacturing is important to New Story\u2019s process improvement because it potentially reduces the cost of these homes by ~40% to $4,000 per home and the building time to sub 24 hrs. [6] There are a couple issues New Story faces in the application of additive manufacturing to home construction; first, is additive manufacturing doesn\u2019t address the entire home construction process. \u201cA real functioning house would need to have its infrastructure and finishes added after printing, thereby putting real construction times in line with those of traditionally built houses.\u201d [7] Secondly, the rate of deposition of material is an issue that must be addressed for this product to fully scale; the process must get faster for it to be truly competitive with the conventional process. [8]<\/p>\n

In the short term, New Story has partnered with Austin based startup Icon to address the speed issue. Currently, these two companies are focused on advancing the basic structural additive manufacturing process.\u00a0 Over the next year, the teams will utilize 3D printing to print a sustainable community in El Salvador. [9] 3D printing has been used to print individual homes, but this project represents the first largescale prototyping of additive manufacturing to create an entire community. For use on this project, Icon is currently developing the Vulcan II printer, which is estimated to reduce the construction time from 48 hours to sub 24 hours for one home. [10] Based on my research I couldn\u2019t find significant steps being taken to attempt to address this finish out issue by New Story; however, many of their underlying values should create an environment conducive to innovation over the long-term. New Story is committed to open source innovation and a diverse ecosystem of partners. [11]<\/p>\n

Understanding the magnitude of the issue is the first step in addressing it. I recommend New Story create and maintain a process flow diagram for the construction of a house to better understand and monitor how the bottleneck shifts with the evolution of this process. From this data collection New Story can understand the impact of future investments in both the speed and finish out. Furthermore, data can be shared with partners to focus their R&D efforts on the right steps in the process. In conjunction with better understanding the constraints of the process, I recommend New Story focus its attention over the next few years on additional partnerships with other construction technology companies. The partnership with Icon has proven very beneficial, but there are several other firms working to increase the rate of deposition of 3D printers. I recommend New Story seek additional partnerships, because they open the product development funnel further and could create additional breakthroughs or simply more incremental improvements that further increase capacity. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is one potential partner that is working on polymer and metallic deposition rates. [12] Ultimately, the more the process is improved, the more successful New Story can be at increasing access to adequate housing.<\/p>\n

There are still several questions New Story should consider as it continues to apply additive manufacturing to the home construction industry. First, I would consider if New Story should begin to develop their own R&D team that is focused on improving the process specific to the homes they\u2019re building versus partnering with for profit corporations? Second, are there other ways to address the resource requirements and variability of the finish out process without utilizing additive manufacturing?<\/p>\n

(777)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

End Notes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

[1] New Story Company, \u201cHomepage,\u201d https:\/\/newstorycharity.org\/,\u201d accessed November 2018<\/p>\n

[2] New Story Company, \u201c3D Printed Home,\u201d https:\/\/newstorycharity.org\/3d-home\/, accessed November 2018<\/p>\n

[3] Chamie, Joseph \u201cAs Cities Grow Worldwide, So Do the Numbers of Homeless,\u201d Yale Global Online, <\/em>https:\/\/yaleglobal.yale.edu\/content\/cities-grow-worldwide-so-do-numbers-homeless, accessed November 2018<\/p>\n

[4] Ibid.<\/p>\n

[5] New Story Company, \u201c3D Printed Home,\u201d https:\/\/newstorycharity.org\/3d-home\/, accessed November 2018<\/p>\n

[6] Ibid.<\/p>\n

[7] Kirkpatrick, Keith, \u201cThe Construction Industry in the 21st<\/sup> Century,\u201d Communications of the ACM, Vol 61, No 3, March 2018<\/p>\n

[8] Daniel Delgado Camacho, \u201cApplication of additive manufacturing in the construction industry \u2013 A forward-looking review,\u201d Automation in Construction<\/em>, Volume 89, May 2018, section 4<\/p>\n

[9] New Story Company, \u201c3D Printed Home,\u201d https:\/\/newstorycharity.org\/3d-home\/, accessed November 2018<\/p>\n

[10] Icon Build, \u201cFAQ,\u201d https:\/\/www.iconbuild.com\/faq, accessed November 2018<\/p>\n

[11] New Story Company, \u201cOur Vision,\u201d https:\/\/newstorycharity.org\/vision\/, accessed November 2018<\/p>\n

[12] Daniel Delgado Camacho, \u201cApplication of additive manufacturing in the construction industry \u2013 A forward-looking review,\u201d Automation in Construction<\/em>, Volume 89, May 2018, section 4<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/sup><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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