{"id":31792,"date":"2018-11-13T13:44:14","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T18:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/vtaiwan-crowdsourcing-legislation-in-technology-and-beyond\/"},"modified":"2018-11-13T13:44:14","modified_gmt":"2018-11-13T18:44:14","slug":"vtaiwan-crowdsourcing-legislation-in-technology-and-beyond","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/vtaiwan-crowdsourcing-legislation-in-technology-and-beyond\/","title":{"rendered":"vTaiwan: Crowdsourcing Legislation in Technology and Beyond"},"content":{"rendered":"

Taiwan is one of the first democracies in the world to leverage crowdsourcing technology to improve policy and decision making around internet and technology companies. While things like participatory democracy have been increasing, Taiwan has taken a more private sector approach to arriving at a piece of legislation, a government\u2019s product [1]. Through vTaiwan, the government allows citizens to solve legislative problems ranging from online alcohol sales to Uber, in a way that improves citizen engagement and requires consensus. <\/span><\/p>\n

Necessity is the Mother of Invention: Taiwan and the Flower Revolution<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

As a young democracy, transparency and participation has become increasingly important for Taiwan. The country came out of Martial Law in 1987 with an unstable democracy which ultimately led to the Sunflower Movement in 2014. Citizens protested the Cross-Straight Service Trade Agreement because they felt the agreement was going to leave the country vulnerable to China\u2019s influence [2]. In response, the government created vTaiwan in 2015\u2014a crowdsourcing process to improve legislative outcomes for its citizens or customers. The more people involved in the legislative process, the more likely the government will arrive at the \u201cright solution\u201d\u2014an idea that is fundamental to the crowdsourcing companies engage in across the globe. <\/span><\/p>\n

Taiwan Pushes Past Other Governments<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

While the private sector has been using crowdsourcing to solve technical problems, and generate and get customer feedback on new products, this approach is novel in the public sector [3]. Governments\u2014primarily at the city level\u2014have engaged in participatory budgeting, which allows citizens to have direct control over the budget of certain government projects, but few other governments have done that on the level of thousands of people, engaging them using a combination of an internet platform and in person meetings as opposed to solving technical issues [4]. This process is most like the crowdsourcing Wikipedia requires, in that it takes the collaborative community approach to crowdsourcing [5]. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Taiwan\u2019s Crowdsourcing Process<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

The Taiwanese government vTaiwan process occurs in four stages. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Stage 1: Proposal Stage\u2014The government or the country\u2019s citizens propose a problem that requires a legislative solution. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Stage 2: Opinion Stage\u2014Crowdsources feedback to find a resolution to the issue presented. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Stage 3: Reflection\u2014All stakeholders discuss the outcomes of the feedback, find commonalities, and come to a consensus on legislation. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>Stage 4: Legislation\u2014The government ratifies consensus approved recommendation. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Visualizing the 4 Crowdsourcing Steps [6]<\/span><\/p>\n

As of August 2018, vTaiwan has been used 26 times and has resulted in government action 80% of the time [7].<\/span><\/p>\n

vTaiwan and the Case of Legislating Uber<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Taiwan regulated Uber using vTaiwan. While the Taiwanese government viewed Uber as a transportation company subject to taxi laws, the company viewed itself as technology company that required fewer regulations [8]. Taiwan turned to its citizens to resolve this issue. Using Pol.is, the government broadcast out a survey to all stakeholders and their responses were divided into opinion groups (Uber vs non-Uber), where citizens vote on statements so legislators can identify consensus [10]. Four weeks later, the group made recommendations around topics of registration and platform usage. A two-hour livestream took place with input from industry experts. Finally, the consensus driven recommendations became law [7]. <\/span><\/p>\n

Next Steps<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Originally, the Taiwanese government was hesitant to expand vTaiwan beyond technology issues. More recently, however, the Premier would like to use this at a much larger scale and for a wider variety of topics. The government will continue to invest in training for local level officials so that the crowdsourcing process and technology can spread across the country. Additionally, in the long-term the vTaiwan team is focused on \u201cmixed-reality\u201d meetings that allow technology to bring rural residents into the conversation [9].<\/span><\/p>\n

Recommendations for Expansion<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

In the short term, vTaiwan administrators should focus on expanding the number of individuals engaging with the crowdsourcing software. In the case of Uber, only 31,115 people cast a vote on the proposed legislation [8]. Investing in marketing may lead to higher engagement. Additionally, the government should think critically about the role of experts in their crowdsourcing process. While citizens can determine how they think a certain industry should be regulated, a crowdsourced validation process should also be incorporated. <\/span><\/p>\n

In the long term, the Taiwanese government should also focus on reducing the amount of time to reach a resolution. Currently, it takes months to run through a vTaiwan process, increasing the barrier to entry of participation. Additionally, crowdsourcing feedback and information about the social services citizens need or improvements to currently existing ones could be an incredibly powerful. Finally, the government should also formalize the use of crowdsourcing through legislation that will last beyond political regimes. <\/span><\/p>\n

Can trends like machine learning and data collection make this process more efficient and predictive? And can the government take it easy to participate in this process?<\/span><\/p>\n

(800 Words)<\/em><\/p>\n

Works Cited<\/p>\n

[1] Enriqueta Aragones, Santiago Sanchez-Page, \u201cA theory of participatory democracy based on the real case of Porto Alegre\u201d, European Economic Review (2006) accessed November 2018.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[2] Jenny W. Hsu, \u201cYoung Protesters Shaking Up Taiwan’s China Policy,\u201d Wall Street Journal,\u00a0 April 1, 2014, https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/young-protesters-shaking-up-taiwans-china-policy-1396351842, accessed November 2018<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] Jacques Bughin, Michael Chui, and Brad Johnson, \u201cThe Next Step in Open Innovation,\u201d Mckinsey Quarterly, June 2008, https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/operations\/our-insights\/the-next-step-in-open-innovation\/, accessed November 2018<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] Cristin Dorgelo and Brian Forde, \u201cBy the People, for the People: Crowdsourcing to Improve Government\u201d, Wired, 2018, <\/span>https:\/\/www.wired.com\/insights\/2014\/04\/people-people-crowdsourcing-improve-government\/<\/a><\/span>, accessed Nov 2018<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] K. Boudreau and K. Lakhani. \u201cUsing the crowd as an innovation partner\u201d, 性视界 Business Review 91, no. 4 (April 2013): 61\u201369<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] vTaiwan \u201cWhere Do We Go As A Society?,\u201d https:\/\/info.vtaiwan.tw\/, accessed November 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] Chris Horton, \u201cThe Simple but Ingenious System Taiwan Uses to Crowdsource Its Laws,\u201d MIT Technology Review, August 21, 2018, https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/s\/611816\/the-simple-but-ingenious-system-taiwan-uses-to-crowdsource-its-laws\/, accessed November 2018<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] Yu-TangHsiao, Shu-YangLin, AudreyTang, Darshana Narayanan, and Claudina Sarahe. 2018. vTaiwan: An Empirical Study of Open Consultation Process in Taiwan. In Proceedings of OOO, OOO, OOO,<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] Liz Barry, \u201cvTaiwan: Public Participation Methods on the Cyberpunk Frontier of Democracy,\u201d Civic Hall,\u00a0 August 11, 2016, https:\/\/civichall.org\/civicist\/vtaiwan-democracy-frontier\/, accessed November 2018<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0[10] Shu-Yang Lin, \u201cTaiwan is using social media to crowdsource legislation\u201d, Apolitical Group Limited, April 2017, <\/span>https:\/\/apolitical.co\/solution_article\/taiwan-using-social-media-crowdsource-legislation\/<\/a><\/span>, accessed November 2018<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

vTawain–a government crowdsourcing platform–takes citizen input on how to legislate up and coming industries <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11755,"featured_media":31793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[125,3681,1195,640,1913,524],"class_list":["post-31792","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-accountability","category-activism","category-crowdsourcing","category-government","category-taiwan","category-transparency","hck-taxonomy-organization-government-of-taiwan","hck-taxonomy-industry-public-administration","hck-taxonomy-country-taiwan-province-of-china"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/rc-tom-challenge-2018\/","yoast_head":"\nvTaiwan: Crowdsourcing Legislation in Technology and Beyond - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/vtaiwan-crowdsourcing-legislation-in-technology-and-beyond\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"vTaiwan: Crowdsourcing Legislation in Technology and Beyond - 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