{"id":25362,"date":"2017-11-15T20:58:18","date_gmt":"2017-11-16T01:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/will-ai-push-cn-off-the-rails\/"},"modified":"2017-11-15T21:50:56","modified_gmt":"2017-11-16T02:50:56","slug":"will-artificial-intelligence-push-cn-off-the-rails","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/will-artificial-intelligence-push-cn-off-the-rails\/","title":{"rendered":"Will Artificial Intelligence push CN off the rails?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is the next wave of revolutionary tech innovation, promising to re-invent every industry &#8211; from crime-stopping facial recognition, to telehealth and voice-activated shopping.\u00a0 In the transportation industry, tech titans like Elon Musk, are betting on autonomous vehicles to disrupt the supply chain and bring in a new wave of fast, efficient, and safe cargo transport.<sup>1 \u00a0<\/sup>While this is exciting, the AI technological trend also poses a significant competitive threat to established transportation companies like the <strong>Canadian National Railway (CN), <\/strong>whose future longevity and market share is now at risk.<\/p>\n<p>Historically, railways have enjoyed a comfortable business position as the leader in moving large volumes of goods over long, land-locked distances<sup>2<\/sup>.\u00a0 Now, however, autonomous trucks are encroaching on the railway&#8217;s positioning, promising increases in safety, efficiency, and navigation, while tempting customers to minimize or eliminate their use of rail altogether.\u00a0 Autonomous trucks threaten railways in three main areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Distance: <\/strong>Advances in self-driving technology are enabling trucks to drive longer distances than ever before, at a faster rate, without the energy and resource constraints of human-driven vehicles.<sup>2 \u00a0<\/sup>Given the current rates of advancement, self-driving trucks may soon outpace the time savings\/distance advantages that railways previously enjoyed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Distance1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25317 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Distance1-1024x592.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"370\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Distance1-1024x592.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Distance1-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Distance1-768x444.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Distance1-600x347.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Distance1.png 1989w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Safety:<\/strong> Self-driving trucks claim to be safer than human-operated vehicles, promising to eliminate 90% of all road traffic accidents caused by human drivers.<sup>3 <\/sup>\u00a0Self-driving trucks rely on complex algorithms that make faster reaction-time decisions, while incorporating advanced monitoring technology to adapt to adverse weather and traffic conditions with unparalleled diligence and speed.<sup>3<\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong>Capital &amp; Innovation: <\/strong>Railroad assets are both expensive and long-lasting, with an average fleet age of 18.4 years.<sup>2<\/sup> Unfortunately, long purchasing lead times hinder the railway&#8217;s ability to respond quickly to market demands and adopt new technologies.\u00a0 In contrast, commercial trucks turn over every 3-4 years, allowing for faster adoption of technological advancements.\u00a0 Unless rail cars are renewed more frequently, railways will be left operating ancient machinery, thus motivating consumers to choose the faster, AI-enabled trucks of the future.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CN Rail\u2019s Response: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As AI-powered transportation has garnered more traction, Canadian National Railway has not been idle.\u00a0 CN rail recently announced that it will invest over $500M in the next five years to \u201cimprove its safety, efficiency, and competitive edge, partly in response to the potential threat posed by driverless trucks.\u201d<sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0 In the short term, CN will \u201cinvest in automation and strive to improve operations\u201d to stay ahead of changes to the trucking sector. \u00a0For example, in 2017, the company plans to spend over $28M in train defect detection equipment, that will enable earlier discovery of mechanical malfunctions, thus improving safety performance.\u00a0 In addition, CN has piloted the use of wearable technology such as \u201cReadiband\u201d to monitor and record employee fatigue and alertness to reduce the impact of human-related incidences.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Capture2-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25343 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Capture2-5-300x197.png\" alt=\"Canapux\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Capture2-5-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Capture2-5-768x504.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Capture2-5-1024x672.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Capture2-5-600x394.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Capture2-5.png 1495w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>CN rail is also adjusting its competitive strategy through innovations in product shipment technology.\u00a0 CN is currently testing a process called \u201cCanaPux\u201d, a revolutionary method to ship heavy crude from Alberta\u2019s oilsands offshore to Asia, in efforts to establish a competitive stronghold in the transportation of crude.<sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0 The CanaPux process turns crude oil\u2019s raw material, bitumen, into semi-solid pucks that exhibit superior safety advantages when loaded and transported.\u00a0 In the event of a spill, the pucks float to the surface and do not dissolve in water or burn, minimizing environmental impact.<\/p>\n<p>In the medium to long-term, CN is betting that these significant investments in technology and infrastructure will be enough to ward off competitive threats from driverless trucks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>While CN\u2019s investments in technology and innovative products are exciting, I believe that there is more that CN can do to protect itself against AI\u2019s competitive threat.\u00a0 If the extreme scenario occurs, where driverless trucks begin to overtake railway market share, CN is ill-equipped to defend its competitive position, particularly if the railway only makes marginal improvements in their technology.\u00a0 To improve their defensive position, I propose that CN focus on two main initiatives:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Tie CN\u2019s future to the future success of AI:<\/strong> CN should invest in AI-based logistics companies like Otto<sup>5,6<\/sup>, or forge business partnerships with driverless trucking firms like Tesla,<sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0while establishing the CN brand as a \u201cone-stop\u201d shop for all ground transportation. With this strategy, CN is poised to benefit financially and strategically when the inevitable AI-based logistics revolution arrives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Continue to develop new technologies like the CanaPux<\/strong> that differentiate CN in the transportation market, to encourage customers to choose CN rather than the autonomous truck option.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>For discussion:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Advancements in AI will inevitably displace human workers. How should companies with unionized workforces (like CN) manage this trend?\u00a0 What can companies do to support these workers while continuing to innovate?<\/li>\n<li>What should government\u2019s role be protecting strategic assets such as logistics and transportation systems? Does this help or hurt innovation?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>Word Count 791<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sources:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Goodkind, N. (2017, November 14). Elon Musk reveals Tesla Semi truck that will &#8220;blow your mind out of your skull and into an alternate dimension&#8221;. Retrieved November 15, 2017, from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/tesla-semi-truck-elon-musk-710689\">http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/tesla-semi-truck-elon-musk-710689<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Oliver Wyman. (n.d.). Disruption: The Future Of Rail Freight. Retrieved November 15, 2017, from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oliverwyman.com\/our-expertise\/insights\/2017\/sep\/oliver-wyman-transport-and-logistics-2017\/operations\/disruption-the-future-of-rail-freight.html\">http:\/\/www.oliverwyman.com\/our-expertise\/insights\/2017\/sep\/oliver-wyman-transport-and-logistics-2017\/operations\/disruption-the-future-of-rail-freight.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>DHL Trend Research.\u00a0Self Driving Vehicles in Logistics. 15 Dec. 2014. Retrieved Nov 15 2017, from, <a href=\"https:\/\/delivering-tomorrow.com\/wp%20content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dhl_self_driving_vehicles.pdf\">https:\/\/delivering-tomorrow.com\/wp content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dhl_self_driving_vehicles.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201cCN to spend $500-Million in tech with eye on driverless truck threat.\u201d\u00a0The Globe and Mail, 14 June 2017, <a href=\"http:\/\/beta.theglobeandmail.com\/report-on-business\/cn-to-spend-500-million-in-tech-with-eye-on-driverless-truck-threat\/article35309980\/?ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com&amp;\">http:\/\/beta.theglobeandmail.com\/report-on-business\/cn-to-spend-500-million-in-tech-with-eye-on-driverless-truck-threat\/article35309980\/?ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com&amp;<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u201cAGV VS. SDV; A comparison of automated material transport.\u201d\u00a0OTTO Motors, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ottomotors.com\/resources\/info\/agv-vs-sdv\">ottomotors.com\/resources\/info\/agv-vs-sdv<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cIn 10 Years, Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Trucking, Says Otto Exec.\u201d\u00a0Fortune, <a href=\"https:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/03\/27\/uber-otto-artificial-intelligence-truck-driving\/\">https:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/03\/27\/uber-otto-artificial-intelligence-truck-driving\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AI promises to revolutionize transportation; issuing a death sentence for railway companies like Canadian National.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9544,"featured_media":25428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1909,471,1157],"class_list":["post-25362","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-automation","category-transport","hck-taxonomy-organization-canadian-national-railway","hck-taxonomy-industry-transportation","hck-taxonomy-country-canada"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/rc-tom-challenge-2017\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Will Artificial Intelligence push CN off the rails? 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