  {"id":23612,"date":"2017-11-15T17:22:33","date_gmt":"2017-11-15T22:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/amazon-mexico-and-trumponomics-is-the-bet-too-high\/"},"modified":"2017-11-15T19:25:04","modified_gmt":"2017-11-16T00:25:04","slug":"amazon-mexico-and-trumponomics-is-the-bet-too-high","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/amazon-mexico-and-trumponomics-is-the-bet-too-high\/","title":{"rendered":"Amazon, Mexico and Trumponomics- Is the bet too high?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>Introduction- Amazon\u2019s supply chain and Mexico\u2019s potential<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/TRUMP-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-24140 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/TRUMP-1-300x160.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/TRUMP-1-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/TRUMP-1-768x409.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/TRUMP-1-600x319.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/TRUMP-1.png 817w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Source: President Donald Trump\u2019s Twitter account<\/p>\n<p>Amazon spent in 2016 $11.5B on shipping- nearly twice than in 2014 [1]. For handling an efficient supply chain, the largest internet-based retailer [2] opens new sorting centers, delivery stations and hubs. Each warehouse pools demand over a large geographical area, leading to more stable forecasts and lower total inventory [3]. Yet, Amazon aims to improve its inventory turnover of 8.13 in 2016 that is similar to Walmart\u2019s 8.26 [4].<\/p>\n<p>Lately, Amazon has targeted Mexico a growth engine [5]<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>. In September 2017 it was published [6] that Amazon aims to open a 1 million square-foot mega-warehouse near Mexico City that will enable it to store 15 million products and to distribute 1 million deliveries a day nationwide. It will also enable Amazon to serve American customers due to its convenient geographic location [7].<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>NAFTA renegotiation- will Trump help Amazon? <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>United States\u2019 trade with Mexico has been heavily influenced by NAFTA<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>. Signed in 1992, NAFTA has created a comprehensive structure for trade and investment [8]. However, NAFTA has not favored e-commerce: Mexicans who buy on Amazon goods in more than $50 still pay duty to the Mexican government. These policies represent a severe constraint on the ability of U.S. e-commerce platforms to achieve their full potential in Mexico [9]. If the duty free threshold is pushed, as might be proposed by the U.S in the renegotiation process started on July 2017, Amazon big-ticket products will boost [10].<\/p>\n<p>Trump, elected based on his nationalist promises, has targeted NAFTA, blaming it for destroying the manufacturing industry and expanding the U.S deficit trade with Mexico [11].<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Graph 1- U.S-Mexico Merchandise Trade, as % of U.S combined GDP, 1990-2016<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture2-12.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-24147 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture2-12-300x117.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"492\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture2-12-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture2-12-768x299.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture2-12-1024x398.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture2-12-600x233.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture2-12.png 1136w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Source: The Economist, based on U.S International Trade Commission and Haver Analytics<\/p>\n<p><em>Graph 2- U.S Manufacturing Employment Jobs (M), 1990-2015<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/1-9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-24158 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/1-9-300x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"453\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/1-9-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/1-9-600x311.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/1-9.png 730w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Source: The Economist, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>All eggs in Trump\u2019s basket?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Making a major capital investment in a country that American trade with is based on a fragile trade agreement seems risky. Ironically, the new warehouse is located along the so-called \u201cNAFTA\u201d highway, an industrial belt that runs through Mexico\u2019s factory regions to the U.S. border [12]. When it comes to the future of the U.S-Mexico trade, the consequences of the negotiation- and of additional disputes between Trump and Mexico- may be harsh. Earlier this year we had a glance at this instability when consumers launched social media campaigns urging Mexicans to boycott American based brands such as Walmart, after Trump signed an executive order for the construction of the wall [13]. This casts a serious doubt on the logic behind Amazon\u2019s decision to build a major distribution hub near Mexico City.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>The <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>concealed assumption<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>&#8211; to triple sales <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Amazon usually builds its operational centers in regions in which it owns a solid market share and bright future. My analysis, presented in <strong>Graph 3,<\/strong> demonstrates that in North America (Mexico excluded) and in its International segment, Amazon\u2019s average sales-per-Square Footage is $760 and $666, respectively. We can see that currently, Amazon\u2019s sales-per-Square Footage in Mexico [14, 15] are $506- 24% lower than International\u2019s. To maintain the current $506 ratio, Amazon will have to triple its current sales in Mexico to $760M. Even if we consider the company\u2019s desire to serve the U.S market with the new Mexican hub, it seems very challenging to reach these goals.<\/p>\n<p><em>Graph 3- Analysis of Amazon sales (2016,$M) and total square footage (2016, 000\u2019)*<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture6-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-24213 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture6-1-300x157.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"856\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture6-1-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture6-1-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture6-1-1024x537.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture6-1-600x315.jpg 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Picture6-1.jpg 1087w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 856px) 100vw, 856px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Source: Author\u2019s analysis, based on Amazon\u2019s 2016 financial reports and Reuter\u2019s breakdown of Amazon\u2019s sales in Mexico<\/p>\n<p>*North America segment for Amazon included the U.S, Canada and Mexico, for this analysis Mexico\u2019s data (derived from Reuters) were excluded both for sales and for sq. footage<\/p>\n<p>**In order to preserve the $506 sales-per-Square footage, sales in Mexico will have to triple to $760M; to reach the average North America\u2019s $760, the new hub will have to generate sales of $1.1B by serving both Mexican and American customers<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Stakeholders left outside<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One should expect that Amazon\u2019s management will address the NAFTA risk. But it has not. Amazon\u2019s financial reports [16] do not reflect any concerns regarding NAFTA or the U.S-Mexico tension. One might claim that since the new project deals with a single distribution center that mainly aim to serve a niche market, the risk is low and not substantive. This claim, however, is not compatible with the enormous spending of Amazon on lobbyists to make its case about NAFTA in Washington [17], probably trying to push the duty-free limit on imports.<\/p>\n<p>Consequently, I will advise Amazon\u2019s management to reconsider its decision to open a mega-warehouse in Mexico and to implicitly include the NAFTA risk within its financial reports. A long run bet on Mexico can be reconsidered when political uncertainty diminishes.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Open issues<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yet, several questions remain open . It is interesting to understand whether Amazon or other online retailers faced a similar dilemma, took the risk- and succeeded. It is also significant to refine the projected results of NAFTA cancellation: Are Mexican projected to boycott American brands? Is it feasible? Finally, should Amazon reflect this geo-political threat in its reports? Is it sufficiently substantial?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Word Count: 791<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Endnotes<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Devin Leonard, \u201cWill Amazon Kill Fedex\u201d, Bloomberg Businessweek, August 31, 2016, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/features\/2016-amazon-delivery\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/features\/2016-amazon-delivery<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li>Wikipedia,\u201cAmazon\u201d,<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amazon_(company)\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amazon_(company)<\/a>,accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li><em>Sodhi, ManMohan S.,\u00a0Tang, Christopher S.: Managing Supply Chain Risk<\/em>, (Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London, 2012), P. 25<\/li>\n<li>Nasdaq, \u201cAmazon.com, Inc. Stock Report\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/symbol\/amzn\/stock-report\">http:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/symbol\/amzn\/stock-report<\/a>,<em> \u201c<\/em>Wal-Mart Stores, Inc Stock Report\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/symbol\/wmt\/stock-report\">http:\/\/www.nasdaq.com\/symbol\/wmt\/stock-report<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAmazon Is Planning to Open a Mega-Warehouse in Mexico\u201d, September 13, 2017, Fortune, <a href=\"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/09\/13\/amazon-warehouse-mexico\/\">http:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/09\/13\/amazon-warehouse-mexico\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ibid<\/li>\n<li>Daina Beth Solomon, \u201cExclusive: Amazon plans mega-warehouse for Mexico growth spurt\u201d, September 13, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-amazon-mexico-exclusive\/exclusive-amazon-plans-mega-warehouse-for-mexico-growth-spurt-idUSKCN1BO1RD\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-amazon-mexico-exclusive\/exclusive-amazon-plans-mega-warehouse-for-mexico-growth-spurt-idUSKCN1BO1RD<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li>Dean C. Alexander, \u201cThe North American Free Trade Agreement: An Overview\u201d, 11 <em>Int&#8217;l Tax &amp; Bus. Law<\/em>. 48 (1993), <a href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.law.berkeley.edu\/bjil\/vol11\/iss1\/3\">http:\/\/scholarship.law.berkeley.edu\/bjil\/vol11\/iss1\/3<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/author\/patrick-gillespie\/index.html\">Patrick Gillespie<\/a>, \u201cTrump&#8217;s NAFTA could be big win for Amazon, e-commerce\u201d, CNN Money, July 20, 2017, <a href=\"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/07\/20\/news\/economy\/nafta-ecommerce-amazon\/index.html\">http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/07\/20\/news\/economy\/nafta-ecommerce-amazon\/index.html<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li>Ibid<\/li>\n<li>David Alton Clark, \u201cTrump Just Threw Kinder Morgan Smack Dab In The Middle Of A Good Ole Mexican Standoff\u201d, Seeking Alpha, January 27, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4039934-trump-just-threw-kinder-morgan-smack-dab-middle-good-ole-mexican-standoff\">https:\/\/seekingalpha.com\/article\/4039934-trump-just-threw-kinder-morgan-smack-dab-middle-good-ole-mexican-standoff<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li>Daina Beth Solomon, \u201cExclusive: Amazon plans mega-warehouse for Mexico growth spurt\u201d, September 13, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-amazon-mexico-exclusive\/exclusive-amazon-plans-mega-warehouse-for-mexico-growth-spurt-idUSKCN1BO1RD\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-amazon-mexico-exclusive\/exclusive-amazon-plans-mega-warehouse-for-mexico-growth-spurt-idUSKCN1BO1RD<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li>Shasta Darlington and Flora Charner, \u201c#AdiosStarbucks: Mexicans threaten to boycott American goods\u201d, CNN Money, February 2, 2017, <a href=\"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/02\/02\/news\/economy\/mexico-boycott-america-trump\/index.html\">http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/02\/02\/news\/economy\/mexico-boycott-america-trump\/index.html<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li>com, INC., 2016 Annual Report, p.15, <a href=\"http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&amp;p=irol-reportsannual\">http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&amp;p=irol-reportsannual<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAmazon Is Planning to Open a Mega-Warehouse in Mexico\u201d, September 13, 2017, Fortune, <a href=\"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/09\/13\/amazon-warehouse-mexico\/\">http:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/09\/13\/amazon-warehouse-mexico\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>com, INC., 2016 Annual Report, p.6, <a href=\"http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&amp;p=irol-reportsannual\">http:\/\/phx.corporate-ir.net\/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&amp;p=irol-reportsannual<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/josh-lipton\/\">Josh Lipton<\/a>, \u201cTech companies are suddenly spending much more on lobbying as NAFTA negotiations loom\u201d, CNBC, October 19, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/10\/18\/tech-companies-spend-more-on-lobbying-as-changes-to-nafta-loom.html\">https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2017\/10\/18\/tech-companies-spend-more-on-lobbying-as-changes-to-nafta-loom.html<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Amazon\u2019s current presence in Mexico is relatively minor- the company is the third-largest online retailer with revenues of $253M[1] in this 120 million people country<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> North American Free Trade Agreement<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amazon has lately put heavy resources in Mexico, aiming to open a 1 million square-foot mega-warehouse near Mexico City to gain market share and reinforce its supply chain in North America. However, the political tension between the U.S and Mexico, fueled by President Trump&#039;s threat to cancel NAFTA, casts serious doubt on this strategy. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9888,"featured_media":24285,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[52,1601,2167,2515,3239,3219,3240],"class_list":["post-23612","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-amazon","category-donald-trump","category-e-retail","category-international-trade","category-isolationism","category-nafta","category-protectionism","hck-taxonomy-organization-amazon","hck-taxonomy-industry-retail","hck-taxonomy-country-mexico"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/rc-tom-challenge-2017\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Amazon, Mexico and Trumponomics- Is the bet too high? - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/amazon-mexico-and-trumponomics-is-the-bet-too-high\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Amazon, Mexico and Trumponomics- Is the bet too high? - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amazon has lately put heavy resources in Mexico, aiming to open a 1 million square-foot mega-warehouse near Mexico City to gain market share and reinforce its supply chain in North America. 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