{"id":23327,"date":"2017-11-15T00:33:23","date_gmt":"2017-11-15T05:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/lego-the-missing-bricks-in-their-global-supply-chain\/"},"modified":"2017-11-15T00:33:23","modified_gmt":"2017-11-15T05:33:23","slug":"lego-the-missing-bricks-in-their-global-supply-chain","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/lego-the-missing-bricks-in-their-global-supply-chain\/","title":{"rendered":"LEGO: The missing bricks in their global supply chain?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>On the brink of bankruptcy in 2004, LEGO staged an impressive turnaround to become one of the top global toy companies.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> LEGO achieved this by streamlining their supply chain in the following ways:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reduced unique parts (every color of every brick requires its own tool)<\/li>\n<li>Cut extraneous products<\/li>\n<li>Under NAFTA, they relocated their US factory to Mexico for cost savings.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Focused on core markets<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>LEGO\u2019s supply chain was now optimized to serve the European and North American markets.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> Today, LEGO faces a new challenge. With stalling sales, they need to expand to new markets, requiring a dramatic shift in supply chain strategy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Global supply chain meets isolationism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 2016, LEGO reported stalling sales in Europe and North America, but double-digit growth in China<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>. Their Chinese market share was only 2.8%, leaving enormous potential for growth.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> However, toys imported into China are subject to high import taxes, a result of China\u2019s isolationist trade policies. To sell in China, LEGO\u2019s costs must become more competitive. At the same time, LEGO must protect their market share in Europe and North America, both of which have uncertain futures related to isolationist trade policies.<\/p>\n<p>Throughout its history, LEGO never manufactured in China, a fact it leveraged as a quality differentiator to North American and European consumers. \u00a0In contrast, other major toy companies (e.g. Mattel and Hasbro) rely on Chinese manufacturing and have faced consumer backlash on quality and safety.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Chinese supply chain offers major cost advantages in a historically cost sensitive, low margin industry.<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> Toy manufacturing is cheapest in China due to lower labor and material costs, an ecosystem of high capacity factories, and efficient infrastructure for exporting goods. Also, as LEGO considers expanding their market in China, the potential savings on import taxes, shipping costs, and delivery time are strategically important.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to stalling sales in the United States, LEGO also faces the specter of US isolationism. With the looming renegotiation of NAFTA, import costs from LEGO\u2019s Mexican factory to the US could have devastating effects to their gross margin. LEGO\u2019s 2016 US sales were 27% of their $5.93B total global sales.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> With such a crucial market threatened, LEGO must weigh the costs and benefits of moving manufacturing into the US.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A move to China<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>LEGO has already taken the necessary steps to get around LEGO\u2019s high import taxes. In 2016, LEGO opened their first Chinese factory.<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> In the short term, they are working to ramp the Jiaxing factory to full capacity while maintaining quality standards and aggressively expanding their Chinese and wider Asian market share.<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> LEGO has announced their new supply chain strategy for the Asian market: all of the products they produce in China will be sold in Asia, with the remaining Asian demand met via shipments from Europe.<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Medium term, LEGO is keeping their eye on the US and potential disruptions to NAFTA. Their leadership has expressed a cautious attitude, preferring to wait before taking action. LEGO\u2019s leadership recently stated that any disruptions to NAFTA are \u201cspeculation at the moment. We would rather wait to see what happens.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>LEGO Global Factory Locations (2016)<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-14-at-5.32.23-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-23241\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-14-at-5.32.23-PM-300x177.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-14-at-5.32.23-PM-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-14-at-5.32.23-PM-768x452.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-14-at-5.32.23-PM-600x353.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-14-at-5.32.23-PM.png 941w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Recommendations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>China:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>LEGO has taken positive first steps to increase market share in China. As China\u2019s market demand grows, it will likely become one of their largest markets and LEGO should have a plan in place to expand their Chinese operations. Under the current plan, they will be importing approximately 20% of their goods sold in China. With rapid market growth, that could become increasingly costly. Additionally, LEGO should consider a major Chinese partner, such as Alibaba, to increase the speed of market penetration.<\/p>\n<p><em>North America:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Unlike companies that produce larger, more complex products like cars, LEGO plants require lower skilled workers, smaller machinery, and shorter lead times and therefore have more flexibility in deploying plants. LEGO should consider reopening US manufacturing in the short term to preserve US market share and shield the company from potential isolationist policies.<\/p>\n<p><em>Other diversification:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>LEGO should also look earlier in the supply chain for additional diversification opportunities and consider new raw material sources apart from oil. In 2015, LEGO pledged to move to sustainable materials by 2030.<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> LEGO should accelerate this timeline to mitigate reliance on a commodity that is dominated by areas with political instability and to price fluctuations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>What other sources of diversification should LEGO introduce into their supply chain to insulate operations from political uncertainty?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Should LEGO take a wait and see approach with US manufacturing, or set up US operations now?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(Word count 798)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Jacob Davidson, &#8220;Lego is Now The Largest Toy Company In The World,&#8221; TIME, September 4, 2014, http:\/\/time.com\/money\/3268065\/lego-largest-toy-company-mattel\/,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;Lego to lay off 1,200, end U.S. production,&#8221; NBC News, June 20, 2006, http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/id\/13442193\/ns\/business-us_business\/t\/lego-lay-end-us-production\/,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Chris Zook, &#8220;How to Pull Your Company Out of a Tailspin,&#8221; 性视界 Business Review, September 8, 2016, https:\/\/hbr.org\/2016\/09\/how-to-pull-your-company-out-of-a-tailspin,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Tine Froberg Mortensen, &#8220;The LEGO Group History,&#8221; LEGO Company Website, January 9, 2012,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/aboutus\/lego-group\/the_lego_history\/1930,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Roar Rude Trangb\u00e6k, &#8220;THE LEGO GROUP EXPANDS FACTORIES TO REACH EVEN MORE CHILDREN WITH GREAT PLAY EXPERIENCES,&#8221;\u00a0LEGO Company Website, October 20, 2015,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/aboutus\/news-room\/2015\/october\/factory-expansion,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Roar Rude Trangb\u00e6k, &#8220;THE LEGO GROUP REPORTS RECORD REVENUE IN 2016,&#8221; LEGO Company Website, March 9, 2017,<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/aboutus\/news-room\/2017\/march\/annual-results-2016,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>Gayathree Ganesan, &#8220;Mattel plays with digital toys to triple China business,&#8221; Reuters, June 14, 2017, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-mattel-strategy\/mattel-plays-with-digital-toys-to-triple-china-business-idUSKBN19537N,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Gang (Kevin) Han &amp; Xiuli Wang, &#8220;From Product-Country Image to National Image: \u201cMade In China\u201d and Integrated Valence Framing Effects,&#8221;\u00a0International Journal of Strategic Communication\u00a0Vol. 9, Iss. 1, 2015<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> <span class=\"byline\"><span class=\"byline-author\">David Barboza<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"byline\"><span class=\"byline-author\">Louise Story, &#8220;Toymaking in China, Mattel&#8217;s Way,&#8221; The New York Times,\u00a0<\/span><\/span>July 26, 2007, \u00a0http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2007\/07\/26\/business\/26toy.html,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<div class=\"story-meta-footer-sharetools\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0John Kell, &#8220;How Mattel Is Challenging Lego&#8217;s Building Brick Dominance,&#8221; Fortune, April 19, 2017, http:\/\/fortune.com\/2017\/04\/19\/mattel-vs-lego-building-toys\/,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Roar Rude Trangb\u00e6k, &#8220;THE LEGO GROUP CELEBRATES OFFICIAL OPENING OF FACTORY IN CHINA,&#8221;\u00a0LEGO Company Website, November 25, 2016, http:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/aboutus\/news-room\/2016\/november\/jiaxing-factory-grand-opening,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Roar Rude Trangb\u00e6k, &#8220;THE LEGO GROUP SIGNIFICANTLY EXPANDS SINGAPORE OFFICE TO SUPPORT GROWTH IN ASIA,&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>LEGO Company Website, December 2, 2015, http:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-gb\/aboutus\/news-room\/2015\/december\/new-lego-singapore-office-inauguration\/,\u00a0accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> Roar Rude Trangb\u00e6k, &#8220;LEGO GROUP TO BUILD FACTORY IN CHINA,&#8221; LEGO Company Website, March 18, 2013,<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/aboutus\/news-room\/2013\/march\/lego-group-to-build-factory-in-china, accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0Christine Weinberg, &#8220;Made-in-Mexico Lego Ignores Trump Trade Threat for Now, CEO Says,&#8221; Industry Week, March 13, 2017,<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.industryweek.com\/trade\/made-mexico-lego-ignores-trump-trade-threat-now-ceo-says, accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0Image source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/careers\/locations\">https:\/\/www.lego.com\/en-us\/careers\/locations<\/a>, diagram assembled by author<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Gabriel Fisher, &#8220;LEGO says its plastic pieces will be made with sustainable material by 2030,&#8221; Quartz, June 25, 2015<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/qz.com\/437264\/lego-says-its-plastic-pieces-will-be-made-with-sustainable-material-by-2030\/, accessed November, 2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Examining the effects of globalization and isolationism on LEGO&#039;s global supply chain<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10165,"featured_media":23333,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[3222,1202,3239,161],"class_list":["post-23327","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-global-supply-chain","category-globalization","category-isolationism","category-manufacturing","hck-taxonomy-organization-lego","hck-taxonomy-industry-consumer-products","hck-taxonomy-country-denmark"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/rc-tom-challenge-2017\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>LEGO: The missing bricks in their global supply chain? - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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