{"id":23040,"date":"2017-11-15T08:51:15","date_gmt":"2017-11-15T13:51:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/monsanto-our-climate-change-messiah\/"},"modified":"2017-11-15T09:00:07","modified_gmt":"2017-11-15T14:00:07","slug":"monsanto-our-climate-change-messiah","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/monsanto-our-climate-change-messiah\/","title":{"rendered":"Monsanto: Our climate change Messiah?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A multinational agrochemical biotechnology company, Monsanto is considered one of the leading producers of genetically engineered organisms (GMOs).\u00a0 Not without controversy, Monsanto\u2019s innovative crop development products have forever altered the farming industry\u2019s approach to cultivation.\u00a0 In roughly two decades since their introduction, GMOs have overtaken the market comprising 94% of US soybean acreage, 93% of all US corn acreage, and 96% of all US cotton<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/USDA_biotechcrops.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-23077\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/USDA_biotechcrops-300x240.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"518\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/USDA_biotechcrops-300x240.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/USDA_biotechcrops-768x615.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/USDA_biotechcrops-1024x819.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/USDA_biotechcrops-600x480.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 518px) 100vw, 518px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Figure 1<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With growing food consumption in both developed and developing economies<strong>,<\/strong> despite a reduction in available acreage, Monsanto and its revolutionary GMO technology have played a critical role by developing crops that produce higher yields in challenging environmental conditions. New challenges lie on the horizon, as climate change intensifies, and total farming acreage continues to decrease. A 2014 <em>Food Security and Food Production Systems <\/em>report<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> forecasts some potential consequences emerging from climate change:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rapid food and cereal price increases following climate extremes indicate a sensitivity of current markets to climate extremes<\/li>\n<li>Studies have documented a large negative sensitivity of crop yields to extreme daytime temperatures around 30\u00b0 C<\/li>\n<li>Changes in temperature and precipitation, without considering effects of CO<sub>2<\/sub>, will contribute to increased global food prices by 2050, with estimated increases ranging from 3 to 84%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Certain trends \u2013 food shortages and decreased yields \u2013 are obvious dangers.\u00a0 Tangential consequences, such as market instability, are less predictable but no less grave.<\/p>\n<p>Through its GMO innovations, Monsanto aims to radically impact global agricultural production, and thus its bottom line. DroughtGard, Monsanto\u2019s drought-resistant corn, is already on the market and may assure continued crop production in the driest of climates.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> Given the dire projections listed above however, one or two product offerings are not enough.\u00a0 Monsanto must continue to innovate with the aim to outpace climate change to ensure global food production not only remains consistent but that crops also maintains high yields, the latter being most difficult to achieve.<\/p>\n<p>In late 2013 Monsanto acquired Climate Corporation, an agricultural data analytics firm, for $930 million<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>.\u00a0 Climate Corporation sold insurance products to farmers using its weather modeling platform.\u00a0 From this acquisition Monsanto moves into services and data, a strong strategic move for a company trying to increase corn yields by 30-50 bushels.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> Using Climate Corporation\u2019s soil observations and weather simulations, Monsanto can now forecast agricultural shifts, such as weed migrations, and proactively develop technologies to combat such movements.\u00a0 While crop genetics and data analytics are two levers Monsanto is using immediately, it is also driving long-term impact through its own practices.\u00a0 Internally Monsanto set an operational goal to become carbon neutral by 2021.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> To achieve this goal the company aims to focus on seed production, crop protection, and sharing data \u2013 increasing adoption of best practices.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> It must also rely on farmers to achieve this goal, and is developing an incentive program to encourage farmers to use more carbon neutral crop production methods such as conservation tillage and cover crops.<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Monsanto\u2019s genetic technology, although essential for global population growth, is highly controversial. A simple internet search titled \u201cMonsanto\u201d yields hundreds of negative stories, yet Monsanto\u2019s response has been minimal, leaving tens of millions of both American and international food consumers to form their own conclusions about GMOs and their benefit to society.\u00a0 Monsanto has also engaged in heavy handed litigation tactics against farmers, co-ops, and seed companies, alleging violation of its seed contracts and patent infringement. Monsanto&#8217;s repeated use of abusive investigative and surveillance tactics have generated much ill will in the agricultural community, causing farmers (Monsanto\u2019s own customers) to refer to Monsanto as the \u201cseed police\u201d and use words such as \u201cGestapo\u201d and \u201cMafia\u201d to describe the company&#8217;s tactics.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><strong> \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For a company with such a critical role in the agricultural supply chain, these tactics are highly problematic and raise questions as to why the company hasn\u2019t done more to raise awareness about its positive social impact.\u00a0 For example, Monsanto is engaged with the Gates Foundation in sub-Sahara Africa supporting the <u>Water Efficient Maize for Africa<\/u> program.\u00a0 Monsanto donates germplasm, or starter seeds, and drought-tolerant corn to help develop relationships with local organizations and to generate higher yields for poverty stricken communities.<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0 If similar programs were implemented, GMO technology has the potential to revitalize poverty afflicted areas across the globe.\u00a0 To maximize its climate change capability, Monsanto must heighten public awareness and demonstrate how its innovation in agronomy has impacted society for the better.<\/p>\n<p>(796 words)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Is genetic engineering a necessity to sustain a foodstuffs supply chain affected by climate change? Why?<\/li>\n<li>Is Monsanto the best company to lead this initiative?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>References<\/h1>\n<p>Barlett, D. L., &amp; Steele, J. B. (2008, May). <em>Monsanto&#8217;s Harvest of Fear <\/em>. Retrieved from Vanity Fair:<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/news\/2008\/05\/monsanto200805<\/p>\n<p>Climate Corporation. (2017). <em>About Climate Corporation<\/em>. Retrieved from Climate Corporation: https:\/\/www.climate.com\/about<\/p>\n<p>Doering, C. (2015, December 1). <em>Monsanto to work with farmers to be carbon neutral <\/em>. Retrieved from USAToday.com: https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/nation-now\/2015\/12\/01\/monsanto-work-farmers-carbon-neutral\/76638432\/<\/p>\n<p>Geddes, G. (2016, November 15). <em>GMO vs Non-GMO Soybeans: A Growing Debate<\/em>. Retrieved from NorthStar Genetics: www.northstargenetics.com \/ca\/2016\/11\/15\/gmo-vs-non-gmo-soybeans-a-growing-debate\/<\/p>\n<p>Minford, M. (2015, January 23). <em>Farmers test drought-tolerant corn hybrids <\/em>. Retrieved from Corn and Soybean Digest : http:\/\/www.cornandsoybeandigest.com\/corn\/farmers-test-drought-tolerant-corn-hybrids<\/p>\n<p><em>Monsanto Takes Action to Fight Climate Change with Carbon Neutral Crop Production Program<\/em>. (2015, December 1). Retrieved from Monsanto: https:\/\/monsanto.com\/news-releases\/monsanto-takes-action-to-fight-climate-change-with-carbon-neutral-crop-production-program\/<\/p>\n<p>Plumer, B. (2014, Aug 12). <em>How GMO crops conquered the United States<\/em>. Retrieved from Vox.com: https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2014\/8\/12\/5995087\/genetically-modified-crops-rise-charts<\/p>\n<p>Severns, M. (2013, October 9). <em>5 Ways Monsanto Wants to Profit off Climate Change<\/em>. Retrieved from Mother Jones: http:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/environment\/2013\/10\/monsanto-profit-climate-change-corporation\/<\/p>\n<p>Specter, M. (2013, November 3). <em>Why the Climate Corporation sold itself to Monsanto<\/em>. Retrieved from The New Yorker: https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/tech\/elements\/why-the-climate-corporation-sold-itself-to-monsanto<\/p>\n<p><em>Tackling Climate Change<\/em>. (2017). Retrieved from Monsanto.com: https:\/\/monsanto.com\/company\/sustainability\/climate-change\/<\/p>\n<p>United States Department of Agriculture. (2017, July 12). <em>Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the U.S. .<\/em> Retrieved from United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service: https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us\/<\/p>\n<p>United States Department of Agriculture. (2017, Jul 12). <em>Recent Trends in GE Adoption<\/em>. Retrieved from United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service: https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops-in-the-us\/recent-trends-in-ge-adoption\/<\/p>\n<p>Upbin, B. (2013, October 2). <em>Monsanto Buys Climate Corp for $930 Million<\/em>. Retrieved from Forbes.com: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/bruceupbin\/2013\/10\/02\/monsanto-buys-climate-corp-for-930-million\/#3e72b6f3177a<\/p>\n<p>Weiser, M. (2016, January 4). <em>Can Genetic Engineering Help Quench Crops&#8217; Thirst?<\/em> Retrieved from Ensia: https:\/\/ensia.com\/features\/can-genetic-engineering-help-quench-crops-thirst\/<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> (United States Department of Agriculture, 2017)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> (Porter, 2014)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> (Minford, 2015)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> (Upbin, 2013)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Ibid<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> (Tackling Climate Change, 2017)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> (Monsanto Takes Action to Fight Climate Change with Carbon Neutral Crop Production Program, 2015)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> (Doering, 2015)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> (Barlett &amp; Steele, 2008)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> (Severns, 2013)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When you eat a bagel, you thank a farmer.  When you pop an aspirin, you thank a scientist.  So why don&#8217;t we thank Monsanto for perfecting the mix between these two?  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10316,"featured_media":23501,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[],"class_list":["post-23040","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","hck-taxonomy-organization-monsanto","hck-taxonomy-industry-agriculture-and-agribusiness"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/rc-tom-challenge-2017\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Monsanto: Our climate change Messiah? - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/monsanto-our-climate-change-messiah\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Monsanto: Our climate change Messiah? - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When you eat a bagel, you thank a farmer. 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