{"id":22314,"date":"2017-11-14T15:33:21","date_gmt":"2017-11-14T20:33:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/"},"modified":"2017-11-14T15:36:27","modified_gmt":"2017-11-14T20:36:27","slug":"nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/","title":{"rendered":"NextEra ready for the Next Era of Electricity?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Perhaps no industry has been impacted as much by climate change, and the associated government policy, as the utility industry with organizations such as NextEra Energy, Inc having to completely rethink the way they provide electricity to consumers. These effects have the potential to continue to greatly disrupt the electricity supply chain in two ways. First, in the fuel mix of the generation, and second, with the shift to distributed generation.<\/p>\n<p>The supply chain for electricity can be categorized into three functions: generation, transmission, and distribution. Power supply in the United States is generated from a diverse fuel mix including coal, natural gas, nuclear, hydro, wind, and solar. North America is broken into four distinct grids, or combined transmission and distribution networks [1]. These grids are comprised of centralized and distributed generation sources that must work together to match supply and demand. The distinction between centralized and distributed is defined by the generation capacity and proximity to the end user (Fig. 1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/fig-1-6\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22335\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-22335\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.1-300x255.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.1-300x255.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.1-600x509.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.1.png 654w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Figure 1. Distributed vs Centralized Electricity Sources<\/em><\/p>\n<p>NextEra Energy, Inc (\u201cNextEra\u201d) is comprised of two principal subsidiaries: Florida Power &amp; Light (\u201cFPL\u201d) and NextEra Energy Resources, LLC (\u201cNEER\u201d). FPL is one of the largest rate-regulated utilities in the United States, serving 4.9 million customer accounts in Florida. NEER, together with its affiliated entities, is the world\u2019s largest generator of wind and solar electricity [2]. In 2016, 67.4% of overall revenue and 59.3% of the net income was attributed to FPL, whereas 30.3% and 38.6%, respectively, was attributed to NEER [3].<\/p>\n<p>At the end of 2016, FPL\u2019s capacity was almost 27,000 MW. The breakdown by asset type is shown in Fig. 2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/fig-2-4\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22358\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22358 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"439\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.2.png 1057w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.2-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.2-768x363.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.2-1024x483.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.2-600x283.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Figure 2. 2016 FPL Generation Capacity by Asset Type and Generation by Fuel Type [4]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Similarly, NEER\u2019s capacity was almost 20,000 MW with the breakdown shown in Fig. 3.<a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/fig-3-3\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22359\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22359 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"434\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.3.png 1017w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.3-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.3-768x370.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.3-600x289.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Figure 3. 2016 NEER Generation Capacity by Asset Type and Generation by Fuel Type [4]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Combining the capacities yields NextEra\u2019s overall capacity (Fig. 4). Almost half of the combined capacity is from natural gas and another 13% from nuclear. Both are typically highly centralized.<a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/fig-4\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22360\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22360 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"293\" height=\"229\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.4.png 513w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.4-300x235.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 293px) 100vw, 293px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Figure 4. 2016 NextEra Generation Capacity by Asset Type and Generation by Fuel Type. Numbers are approximate and based on estimates\/assumptions<\/em><\/p>\n<p>While this mix has resulted in NextEra being highly competitive, are they prepared for projected shifts in the industry? Figure 5 shows the EIA\u2019s projections for additions and retirements over the next 30+ years. Nearly 70 GWs of new wind and solar capacity is projected to be added from 2017-21 and more solar than any other source will be added to the grid over the coming decades [5].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/fig-5\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22361\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22361 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"703\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.5.png 904w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.5-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.5-768x373.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.5-600x291.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 703px) 100vw, 703px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Figure 5. Annual Electricity Generating Capacity Additions and Retirements [5]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In the short term, management appears to be making the necessary investments in wind and solar projects. They plan to add up to 4,100 MW (+30%) of additional wind capacity in 2017-2018. Additionally, they are investing in repowering up to 1,600 MW (+12%) from their existing wind portfolio. Repowering is the process of upgrading older wind turbines with newer innovations. On the solar front, they plan to add up to 1,300 MW (+58%) in 2017-2018 [4].<\/p>\n<p>Beyond the next couple years but within the next 10, management\u2019s plans for renewable energy projects is greatly impacted by government incentives, including production tax credits (PTC) and investment tax credits (ITC). The PTC is determined based on the amount of electricity produced by the wind facility during the first ten years of operation and is on a phase-down schedule. Just 40% of the credit will be paid for wind projects with construction beginning in 2019, the last year of the PTC. Likewise, the wind ITC, which is determined based on the cost of the wind facility, is also on its own phase-down schedule ending in 2019 at 12%. The Solar ITC will remain at 30% through 2019 before phasing-down to 10% during its last year in 2022 [5]. It is uncertain whether any type of credit will be available beyond 2022. However, many do not believe they will be necessary due to how competitive solar and wind already are with conventional sources.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, management needs to focus on the impacts of the expansion of residential rooftop solar. This distributed form of electricity generation, especially when coupled with a battery for storage, has the potential to greatly disrupt a utility\u2019s business model. The U.S Energy Information Association projects approximately half of the solar generation will be distributed as opposed to utility-scale (Fig. 6). This affects the electricity supply chain in two ways. First, it alters the generation sources. Second, and more importantly to the way NextEra makes money, it can remove customers from the grid or greatly reduce their demand. Once again NextEra has the potential to be impacted by policy related to climate change. States have various forms of net metering, and may move more towards a feed-in-tariff system, both of which require various degrees to which utilities must use and\/or purchase excess power from distributed systems.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/fig-6\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-22362\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22362 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"461\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.6.png 715w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.6-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Fig.6-600x288.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Figure 6. Solar Electricity Generation [5]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Is the projected scale of distributed solar enough to truly concern NextEra at the enterprise level? Can management find a way to not only survive the transition to distributed solar but also profit from it?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Word Count: 797<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] S. Department of Energy, <em>United States Electricity Industry Primer <\/em>(July 2015)<\/p>\n<p>[2] NextEra Energy. \u201cOur Company: Fact Sheet.\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nexteraenergy.com\/company\/factsheet.shtml\">http:\/\/www.nexteraenergy.com\/company\/factsheet.shtml<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/p>\n<p>[3] NextEra Energy. NEE-12.31.2016 Final Financials for Press Release. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.investor.nexteraenergy.com\/phoenix.zhtml?c=88486&amp;p=EarningsRelease4Q16\">http:\/\/www.investor.nexteraenergy.com\/phoenix.zhtml?c=88486&amp;p=EarningsRelease4Q16<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/p>\n<p>[4] NextEra Energy. 2016 Annual Report. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nexteraenergy.com\/pdf\/annual.pdf\">http:\/\/www.nexteraenergy.com\/pdf\/annual.pdf<\/a>, accessed November 2017<\/p>\n<p>[5] U.S. Energy Information Administration, <em>Annual Energy Outlook<\/em> <em>2017 <\/em>(January 5<sup>th<\/sup>, 2017)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Climate change is greatly impacting the electricity supply chain. Is the utility that is the leading producer of renewable energy in the world ready?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10396,"featured_media":22391,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[26,1218,95,185,184],"class_list":["post-22314","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-clean-energy","category-climate-change","category-energy","category-renewable-energy","category-solar","hck-taxonomy-organization-nextera-energy","hck-taxonomy-industry-utilities","hck-taxonomy-country-united-states"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/rc-tom-challenge-2017\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>NextEra ready for the Next Era of Electricity? - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/nextera-ready-for-the-next-era-of-electricity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"NextEra ready for the Next Era of Electricity? - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Climate change is greatly impacting the electricity supply chain. 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