{"id":21153,"date":"2017-11-11T15:58:45","date_gmt":"2017-11-11T20:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/closing-borders-may-create-a-wall-that-boeing-cant-fly-over\/"},"modified":"2017-11-11T15:58:45","modified_gmt":"2017-11-11T20:58:45","slug":"closing-borders-may-create-a-wall-that-boeing-cant-fly-over","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/closing-borders-may-create-a-wall-that-boeing-cant-fly-over\/","title":{"rendered":"Closing Borders May Create a Wall That Boeing Can\u2019t Fly Over"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In a time characterized by increasing isolationism, Boeing is at risk of enduring significant supply chain volatility and loss of international sales.\u00a0 As the number one exporter in the U.S.,<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[i]<\/a> Boeing is heavily reliant on working relationships with foreign governments, the Export-Import bank, trade rules and tariff agreements (including NAFTA), and suppliers around the globe.<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> Boeing must persuade the administration to support global trade, work towards vertical integration, and bring engineering control back to the company to derisk future supply chain disruption.<\/p>\n<p>Boeing competes with French rival Airbus for the majority of the airplane market.\u00a0 Over time, Airbus has closed the quality gap relative to Boeing, which has led to airlines becoming increasingly price sensitive.\u00a0 The price sensitivity has led to a concern over supply chain disruption and cost. This is exacerbated on the 787 program, where Boeing developed a global partner strategy and outsourced more than 70% of the manufacture compared to the average 35-50%.<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0 Boeing\u2019s core competencies have traditionally been engineering and subsystem integration, but the strategy implemented on the 787 program entailed outsourcing the majority of integration and some engineering to the Tier-1 suppliers.<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a> These changes make Boeing significantly more vulnerable to supply chain disruption, as Boeing no longer owns the engineering and integration needed to transfer work to a different supplier or bring the work back in house.\u00a0 The current administration\u2019s threat to impose 45% tariffs on goods from China would likely lead to Boeing not being able to compete effectively with Airbus due to enormous supply chain costs.<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21163 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"739\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing1.png 739w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing1-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing1-600x360.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 739px) 100vw, 739px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21162 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"733\" height=\"436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing2.png 733w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing2-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/boeing2-600x357.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 733px) 100vw, 733px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>These proposed tariffs are equally concerning for sales. The Asian share of the global jet fleet was 17% in 1996, but is forecasted to be 37% in 2036.<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a> These trade tariffs threatened against China could cause retaliatory action.\u00a0 Any change to the tariff structure or NAFTA could have a ripple effect throughout this complex global system.\u00a0 Finally, the administration\u2019s reluctance to support the Export-Import bank would damage Boeing\u2019s ability to sell planes worldwide.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[ii]<\/a> In its absence many airlines may turn to Airbus.<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.26.42-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21159 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.26.42-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"925\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.26.42-PM.png 1187w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.26.42-PM-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.26.42-PM-768x283.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.26.42-PM-1024x377.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.26.42-PM-600x221.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 925px) 100vw, 925px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.29.40-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21157 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.29.40-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.29.40-PM.png 700w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.29.40-PM-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.29.40-PM-600x345.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.28.30-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21158 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.28.30-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"690\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.28.30-PM.png 690w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.28.30-PM-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-09-at-7.28.30-PM-600x345.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In the short term, Boeing has focused on their bottom line in an effort to offset some of the volatility associated with the supply chain and international market. Boeing cut 8% of the workforce in 2016 to reduce cost.<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a> Boeing lobbied heavily for the support of the Export-Import bank, and was ultimately successful.<a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a> This is a major win as it enables the Chinese market, which is expected to require 7240 new planes through 2036, valued at approximately $1.1 trillion.<a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Boeing has also used the isolationist policy to its advantage.\u00a0 Boeing worked together with the administration to impose tariffs on the heavily government-subsidized Bombardier<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[iii]<\/a> Cseries planes sold to Delta below cost.\u00a0 The International Trade Administration<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[iv]<\/a> imposed an 80% tariff and a 220% penalty for improper subsidies.<a href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[15]<\/a> This quickly resulted in Airbus purchasing 50.01% of the Cseries program, with an intention to locate final assembly of the Cseries in the U.S. to circumvent the tariffs.<\/p>\n<p>In order to derisk the global supply chain in the current isolationist environment, Boeing must continue to work with the administration to emphasize the importance of global trade to the U.S. economy, calm supplier concerns, vertically integrate where possible, and bring engineering expertise back in house.\u00a0 In the development of the next airplane program, Boeing should adopt a strategy of removing any single critical point of failure within their supply chain.\u00a0 This does not mean that all suppliers should be redundant, or that there would not be costs associated with the loss of any given supplier. The single largest risk on the 787 program in the current political climate is the loss of a Tier-1 supplier, who owns engineering and integration of sub-tier supplier parts.\u00a0 If all engineering work at the plane level and subsystem level is brought back in house, and Boeing vertically integrates to the point of developing the subassemblies in house, they will be substantially less exposed to any volatility in their global supply chain.\u00a0 If the entire global supply chain consists of sub-tier suppliers creating parts to a Boeing-developed specification, Boeing can relatively easily switch suppliers if a problem arises.\u00a0 As an added benefit, final assembly has not been the most profitable segment for Boeing, so Boeing should become more profitable with a well-managed, vertically integrated approach.<\/p>\n<p>All of Boeing\u2019s options related to vertical integration involve expansion of the company.\u00a0\u00a0 Should Boeing reverse the recent layoff trend and expand its engineering force?\u00a0 Should Boeing acquire tier-1 partners to support vertical integration, or build up the capability from within?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>(755)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[i]<\/a>\u00a0By dollar amount.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[ii]<\/a> The government-run Export-Import bank provides financing to foreign companies to support purchasing U.S. product when private institutions won\u2019t provide financing.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[iii]<\/a> Canadian airplane manufacturer.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[iv]<\/a> A branch of the U.S. Commerce department.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> Johnson, Kirk. 2017. &#8220;Trump Talk Rattles Aerospace Industry, Up And Down Supply Chain&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Nytimes.Com<\/em>. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/23\/us\/trump-talk-rattles-aerospace-industry-up-and-down-supply-chain.html.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> Steve, Denning. 2017. &#8220;What Went Wrong At Boeing&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Forbes.Com<\/em>. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/stevedenning\/2013\/01\/21\/what-went-wrong-at-boeing\/#571f9b0d7b1b.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> Johnson, Kirk. 2017. &#8220;Trump Talk Rattles Aerospace Industry, Up And Down Supply Chain&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Nytimes.Com<\/em>. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/23\/us\/trump-talk-rattles-aerospace-industry-up-and-down-supply-chain.html.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> &#8220;BOEING 787 US&#8217;s Dreamliner Or Nightmare-Liner? Who Will Ultimately Wi\u2026&#8221;. 2017.\u00a0<em>Slideshare.Net<\/em>. https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/Exolus\/boeing-787-uss-dreamliner-or-nightmareliner.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> &#8220;Boeing: Traffic And Market Outlook&#8221;. 2017.\u00a0<em>Boeing.Com<\/em>. http:\/\/www.boeing.com\/commercial\/market\/long-term-market\/traffic-and-market-outlook\/.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> Carney, Timothy. 2017. &#8220;Boeing *Loves* The Export-Import Bank, But Boeing Doesn&#8217;t *Need* The Export-Import Bank&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Washington Examiner<\/em>. http:\/\/www.washingtonexaminer.com\/boeing-loves-the-Export-Import-bank-but-boeing-doesnt-need-the-Export-Import-bank\/article\/2615166.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> &#8220;Boeing: Traffic And Market Outlook&#8221;. 2017.\u00a0<em>Boeing.Com<\/em>. http:\/\/www.boeing.com\/commercial\/market\/long-term-market\/traffic-and-market-outlook\/.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> Johnson, Kirk. 2017. &#8220;Trump Talk Rattles Aerospace Industry, Up And Down Supply Chain&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Nytimes.Com<\/em>. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/23\/us\/trump-talk-rattles-aerospace-industry-up-and-down-supply-chain.html.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> &#8220;Trump Pick For Bank Of Boeing Faces Showdown On Capitol Hill&#8221;. 2017.\u00a0<em>Bloomberg.Com<\/em>. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2017-10-31\/trump-pick-for-bank-of-boeing-faces-showdown-on-capitol-hill.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> &#8220;Boeing China Order Hawked By Trump Is Said To Be Mostly Old News&#8221;. 2017.\u00a0<em>Bloomberg.Com<\/em>. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2017-11-09\/boeing-wins-china-orders-for-300-planes-worth-over-37-billion.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> Ostrower, Jon. 2017. &#8220;Boeing V. Bombardier: Tariff Is Now 300%&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Cnnmoney<\/em>. http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2017\/10\/06\/news\/companies\/boeing-bombardier-trade-ruling-tariff\/index.html?iid=EL.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Can Boeing&#8217;s global supply chain survive a period characterized by isolationism?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9909,"featured_media":21154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[3239],"class_list":["post-21153","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-isolationism","hck-taxonomy-organization-boeing","hck-taxonomy-industry-aerospace","hck-taxonomy-country-united-states"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/rc-tom-challenge-2017\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Closing Borders May Create a Wall That Boeing Can\u2019t Fly Over - 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