{"id":17641,"date":"2016-11-18T13:46:39","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T18:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/saving-generation-jobless-digitization-may-be-the-only-way-to-do-it-at-scale\/"},"modified":"2016-11-18T17:10:03","modified_gmt":"2016-11-18T22:10:03","slug":"saving-generation-jobless-through-digitization","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/saving-generation-jobless-through-digitization\/","title":{"rendered":"Saving Generation Jobless through digitization"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The world is going through a youth unemployment crisis. On top of the 71 million youth unemployed, there almost three times as much underemployed<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>. Moreover, youth are three times more likely than their parents to be out of work<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>. Millennials are the first generation projected to earn less than its predecessor generation<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>. The main issue is that the crisis is affecting both developed and emerging economies and no-one has reached to a solution (see below<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>).That is why the UN has given a core role to reducing youth unemployment in its 2030 Sustainable Development Goals<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-1-12.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17556 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-1-12.png\" alt=\"figure-1\" width=\"686\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-1-12.png 1119w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-1-12-300x92.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-1-12-768x235.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-1-12-1024x314.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-1-12-600x184.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 686px) 100vw, 686px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Although we definitely need to create more jobs (600 million in the next decade<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>). The crisis is mainly explained\u00a0by a mismatch in supply and demand in the job market. Paradoxically, while there is an underutilized supply of people ready to work, ~40%\u00a0of employers globally (the demand) struggle to fill in vacancies due to lack of skills in the workforce<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[5]<\/a>. To close this skills gap, a robust education-to-employment (E2E) system is required. However, most of the programs worldwide lack scalability (serving thousands, not millions) and effectiveness (see below<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>). This is where digitization comes to play as digital solutions can increase both the scalability and effectiveness of E2E programs.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-2-16.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17558 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-2-16.png\" alt=\"figure-2\" width=\"280\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-2-16.png 522w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-2-16-300x282.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In terms of scalability, education providers have historically been constrained by space<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>, teaching talent<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>, and tools to match students with potential employers. In this context, several for-profit organizations have made progress through digital solutions, some examples below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Lack of space near to students:<\/u> Udacity, an American for-profit, started an ambitious program using <strong><u>Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC)<\/u><\/strong>, that allow them to reach students at very low marginal cost<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Lack of teaching talent:<\/u> IL&amp;FS skills, and Indian for-profit, developed <strong><u>high-quality multimedia specifying best practices<\/u><\/strong> for entry-level jobs and distributed it to hundreds of thousands of students in their own training centers<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Lack of matching tools: <\/u>Digital solutions to match students to jobs is one active area of investment for private equities in education (see ventures below<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[6]<\/a>). <strong><u>Authess is a particularly innovative one<\/u><\/strong><u><a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[7]<\/a><\/u>, bringing machine learning to analyze candidates before matching them with employers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-3-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17560 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-3-5.png\" alt=\"figure-3\" width=\"663\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-3-5.png 1234w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-3-5-300x220.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-3-5-768x562.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-3-5-1024x749.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-3-5-600x439.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 663px) 100vw, 663px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>In terms of effectiveness, there has typically existed a trade-off with scalability as hands-on trainings have proven to be much more effective for training adults <a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u00a0but difficult to scale up. This means that the three scalable solutions provided above (MOOC, multimedia, lecture) may not be enough. It is then critical to find more interactive but scalable solutions and then implement through them the most effective curriculum and system.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-4-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17564 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-4-2.png\" alt=\"figure-4\" width=\"341\" height=\"330\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-4-2.png 614w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-4-2-300x291.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-4-2-600x581.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 341px) 100vw, 341px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Two new digital developments could fill this gap (be both scalable and effective) and are still in an early adoption stage:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Serious Games (SG)<\/u>: Well-designed SG provide a self-immersive simulation that has demonstrated to be very effective at building cognitive hard skills (e.g., financial knowledge<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[8]<\/a>) and socio-emotional skills<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[9]<\/a> (e.g., teamwork) required by employers. In particular, socio-emotional skills are an example of something difficult to teach with a lecture and easier to teach with interactive tools. Many developers<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>have started building games. One particular example is\u00a0<strong>Glass Labs,\u00a0<\/strong>who have created and enable several games that make learning visible (see below\u00a0an example of a game for leadership skills)<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[10]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17686 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-5.png\" alt=\"figure-5\" width=\"221\" height=\"138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-5.png 1563w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-5-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-5-768x481.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-5-1024x641.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-5-600x376.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Virtual Reality (VR): <\/u>VR provides the ultimate hands-on learning experience, and although it may sound futuristic, there are some players already progressing in this topic. One example is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>EON reality,<\/strong><\/span> a company that has not only developed several solutions (see\u00a0below an example of a VR training in ophthalmology), but also provides a platform to create customized VR trainings<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[11]<\/a>.<u><\/u><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-6-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17693 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-6-1.png\" alt=\"figure-6\" width=\"229\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-6-1.png 401w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Figure-6-1-300x244.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Due to its income level (upper-middle income<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[12]<\/a>; not developed, not underdeveloped), one good example to assess the adoption stage of these technologies worldwide is Colombia. Colombia, as almost every country, is going through a youth unemployment crisis (50% of unemployed are younger than 29<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[13]<\/a>) and its E2E system (called SENA) has adopted digitalization to scale up but still not widely implemented VR or SG solutions. In terms of scalability, SENA\u2019s coverage has increased by effectively:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Implementing 280 MOOC accessible throughout the country in a variety of industries (from agriculture to finance)\u00a0<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[14]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Using interactive multimedia and other hands-on platforms for students. One in solution in particular has been SENA&#8217;s Tecnoparque, a network of experts and laboratories to help people develop entrepreneurial ideas<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[15]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Setting up online tools for student registration and employer matching<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[16]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although SENA has not yet fully leveraged SG nor VR due to cost\/language barriers, it has created software development courses to teach students how to build VR and SG<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[17]<\/a>. This sends the signal that SENA will soon count with in-house digital solutions.<\/p>\n<p>The bad news is that if this is the case for Colombia, it is likely that lower income countries are even more lagged in the adoption curve. The question then is, is it too late? Have we already lost a Generation?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Word Count: 796<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> International Labor Organization. World Employment Social Outlook. Trends for youth 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---dgreports\/---dcomm\/---publ\/documents\/publication\/wcms_513739.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/&#8212;dgreports\/&#8212;dcomm\/&#8212;publ\/documents\/publication\/wcms_513739.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> McKinsey &amp; Company: McKinsey Center for Government. Education-to-employment: Designing a system that works.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Gardiner, Laura. Resolution foundation. Intergenerational commission report. Stagnation Generation. The case for renewing the intergenerational contract. 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0UN. Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Goal 8. http:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/economic-growth\/<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[5]<\/a> ManPower Talent Shortage Survey 2016-2017\/ Infographics report. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.manpowergroup.com\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/389b7a9d-cfe2-4b22-bd61-f0febc709cd6\/2016_TSS_Global_Infographic+-+Final.pdf?MOD=AJPERES\">http:\/\/www.manpowergroup.com\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/389b7a9d-cfe2-4b22-bd61-f0febc709cd6\/2016_TSS_Global_Infographic+-+Final.pdf?MOD=AJPERES<\/a>.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0EdSurge News. Who&#8217;s playing matchmaker between students and employers?.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.edsurge.com\/news\/2016-07-29-who-s-playing-matchmaker-between-students-and-employers\">https:\/\/www.edsurge.com\/news\/2016-07-29-who-s-playing-matchmaker-between-students-and-employers<\/a>.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[7]<\/a> Authess. Our technology. http:\/\/www.authess.com.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[8]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/science\/article\/pii\/S0747563215000035#b0180\">Earp et al., 2014<\/a>. Supporting human capital development with serious games: An analysis of three experiences. Computers in Human Behavior, 30 (2014), pp. 715\u2013720<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0Victor Lim-Fei, Huey Ming Woo, and Ming Yew Lee. Ministry of Education of Singapore. Serious Games to Develop Social and Emotional Learning in Students. Serious Games. Second Joint International Conference, JCSG 2016, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, September 26-27, 2016, Proceedings<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0Glass Lab Games Web Page. http:\/\/www.glasslabgames.org\/.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0EON Reality Web Page. http:\/\/www.eonreality.com\/.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0World Bank. World Data Bank. List of economies.\u00a0databank.worldbank.org\/data\/download\/site-content\/CLASS.xls. Accessed, November, 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0EL TIEMPO (online newspaper). http:\/\/www.eltiempo.com\/economia\/finanzas-personales\/desempleo-en-colombia-la-mitad-son-jovenes\/16578803.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0SENA. Virtual courses catalogue. http:\/\/portal.senasofiaplus.edu.co\/index.php\/component\/content\/article\/513-cursos-virtuales-sena.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0SENA. Tecnoparque. http:\/\/tecnoparque.sena.edu.co\/.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0SENA. Sistema de Gestion Virtual de Aprendices. http:\/\/caprendizaje.sena.edu.co\/SGVA_Diseno\/pag\/login.aspx.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0SENA. Press room. http:\/\/www.sena.edu.co\/sala-de-prensa\/escrita\/Paginas\/Noticias\/Realidad-virtual-que-SENA-ofrece-a-sus-aprendices-es-real.aspx.\u00a0Accessed, November, 2016<\/p>\n<p>*Blog coverphoto taken from publication of The Economist (http:\/\/www.tomorrowtodayglobal.com\/2013\/05\/09\/generation-jobless-a-warning-to-us-all-2\/) , TIME picture by Christian Als (http:\/\/christianals.com\/author\/als\/page\/8\/) , and Generation Jobless from Peter Vogel (http:\/\/www.generationjobless.eu\/). Acessed, November, 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you young and looking for a job? Join the other 71 million youth unemployed in the world and trust that digital solutions will save the day. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1813,"featured_media":17662,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[2029,73,244],"class_list":["post-17641","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digitization","category-education","category-non-profit"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/digitization-challenge-2016\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Saving Generation Jobless through digitization - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/saving-generation-jobless-through-digitization\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Saving Generation Jobless through digitization - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Are you young and looking for a job? 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