{"id":1610,"date":"2015-12-06T03:41:49","date_gmt":"2015-12-06T08:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/louis-vuitton-luxury-handbags-coming-off-an-assembly-line\/"},"modified":"2015-12-06T03:43:20","modified_gmt":"2015-12-06T08:43:20","slug":"louis-vuitton-luxury-handbags-coming-off-an-assembly-line","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/louis-vuitton-luxury-handbags-coming-off-an-assembly-line\/","title":{"rendered":"Louis Vuitton: Luxury handbags coming off an assembly line?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture13.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1604\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture13.png\" alt=\"Picture1\" width=\"939\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture13.png 939w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture13-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture13-600x361.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 939px) 100vw, 939px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nLouis Vuitton shop in Hong Kong [1]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Louis Vuitton \u2013 part of the LVMH group \u2013 is the illustration of a French company that successfully managed to align its operating model with its business model. This example of effectiveness proves that adopting a modern operating system is not necessarily contradictory with the business of manufacturing hand-made luxury goods. On the contrary!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Louis Vuitton\u2019s business model<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Louis Vuitton is one of the largest luxury-goods firm in the world. Established in France in 1854 and specialized in leather luggage, their products were revolutionary at the time because of the combination of both lightness and storage capacity. They were recognizable with the famous \u201cLV\u201d logo and the monogram canvas. In 1893, the firm started its expansion by participating in the Chicago World Fair and promoting the brand in the US [2].<\/p>\n<p>The expansion strategy continued in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> and 21<sup>st<\/sup> century with a focus on the Asian markets. Vuitton also expanded its product line with smaller leather goods such as purses and wallets and started creating limited-edition collections to refresh the brand from time to time.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture22.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1607\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture22.png\" alt=\"Picture2\" width=\"665\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture22.png 665w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture22-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Picture22-600x344.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\nLouis Vuitton bag designed in collaboration with Japanese artist Takashi Murakami [3]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Louis Vuitton\u2019s success relies on a few key principles:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stores located in the most prestigious locations in the world (e.g. on Fifth Avenue in New York or on the Champs-Elys\u00e9es in Paris)<\/li>\n<li>Glamorous brand image with an advertising strategy focused on travel, famous models and actresses with a recent shift towards celebrities in general<\/li>\n<li>Quality products<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Presentation of Louis Vuitton by CNN Money <\/u>[4]:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Inside Louis Vuitton&#039;s success\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UfyOpfSRLdE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Louis Vuitton\u2019s operating model<\/u><\/p>\n<p>In 2005, Louis Vuitton was still operating under a traditional operational model. It would usually take 8 days and between 20 to 30 craftsmen to produce a \u201cReade\u201d tot bag.<\/p>\n<p>Although this traditional process was synonym of quality and luxury for customers, it was not efficient nor adapted to the growing demand. New designs were often sold out quickly and the company was not prepared to speed up production in this situation [5].<\/p>\n<p>With the help of McKinsey, a strategy consulting firm and inspired by the lean processes used in the Japanese auto industry, Louis Vuitton revolutionized its operating model. Under the new system, Louis Vuitton was able to assemble bags in less time and in a more efficient way.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Changes in the manufacturing procedures<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In 2005, McKinsey measured lag time in the different production phases and realized that there was a lot of wasted time that could be eliminated:<\/p>\n<p>Workers who were originally specialized in only one operation are now trained to be able to accomplish different tasks in the assembly process. For example, a worker who was specialized in stitching would now be in charge of cutting, stitching and finishing the edges of a pocket. Workers were also organized into small teams of 6 to 12 following the example of workers in the Japanese electronics industry.<\/p>\n<p>Workstations were re-arranged in U-shape, with the sewing machines on one side and the assembly on the other in order to minimize time to pass the work from one station to the other [6]. This led to freeing-up space in factories which allowed to hire more workers and therefore becoming more efficient thanks to a better use of assets.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Louis Vuitton also uses computer programs to help leather workers identify flaws in the skin they receive, reducing earlier the number of defects and the amount of faulty products returned. Similarly, robots are now smartly used to help workers focus on their core competencies: for example, in a shoe factory, robots are sparing workers walking back and forth from their workstations to the shelves [7].<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Louis Vuitton shoe making in Fiesso d&#039;Artico (loafers)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pvcgSjA86Ik?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Changes in the distribution procedures<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Vuitton also redesigned its distribution system in hubs and spokes to meet customers demand faster: with a global distribution center near Paris, they are now able to ship products to six regional distribution centers in the world. Stores around the world send sales information to the French headquarter a few days after product launch in order to adjust demand appropriately.<\/p>\n<p>Even in stores, the operating model has become more efficient and aligned with Vuitton\u2019s business model: In the past, salespeople were going to the stockrooms to find the products, leaving their customers alone. Now, products are sent \u2013 wrapped! \u2013 with an elevator from the basement stockroom to the cash register [5]. Customers are therefore better served with the same number of employees.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>The right balance between automation and \u201chuman-work\u201d reinforces LV\u2019s luxury image<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Although scarcity is generally a good thing in luxury because it creates an aura around the product, this has a certain limit: you don\u2019t want to frustrate your clients!<\/p>\n<p>LV\u2019s operating &amp; business models work well together [8]: by being able to provide products to their customers on time, ramping up production if a bag becomes popular, LV does not exasperate their customers by turning them down.<\/p>\n<p>Because workers are cross-trained, they identify defects earlier, which leads to fixing flaws more quickly and reducing returns of faulty handbags. This improves the quality image of the brand. Furthermore, the automation of the processes allowed to reduce costs and maintain jobs in France in order to keep the \u201cMade in France\u201d label, further contributing to the brand value.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, less specialization enables workers to make more types of bags &#8211; you can shift workers more easily to producing a more popular bag when needed, depending on demand. This allows to create more collections every year and to ship them once every six weeks, twice as fast as before.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, LV managed to reach a smart combination of automation and hand-made processes leading to a better ratio between quality and speed, enhancing the reputation of the brand.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><u>Sources<\/u>:<\/p>\n<p>[1] LV Hong Kong shop, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photo_zoom.gne?id=132784241&amp;size=l\">http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photo_zoom.gne?id=132784241&amp;size=l<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/kentwang\/\">kentwang<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[2] Louis Vuitton in Japan, Richard Ivey School of Business, 2010-10-15<\/p>\n<p>[3] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.highsnobiety.com\/2015\/07\/17\/louis-vuitton-murakami-pieces\/\">http:\/\/www.highsnobiety.com\/2015\/07\/17\/louis-vuitton-murakami-pieces\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[4] Inside Louis Vuitton\u2019s Success, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/UfyOpfSRLdE\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/UfyOpfSRLdE<\/a>, CNN Money<\/p>\n<p>[5] Louis Vuitton tries Modern Methods on Factory Lines, The Wall Street Journal, 2006-10-09<\/p>\n<p>[6] At Vuitton, Growth in Small Batches, The Wall Street Journal, 2011-06-27<\/p>\n<p>[7] Louis Vuitton shoe making in Fiesso d&#8217;Artico, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/pvcgSjA86Ik\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/pvcgSjA86Ik<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[8] Leading by Example, New Zealand Apparel, Vol. 42 Issue 4, 2009-05, Dan Ahwa<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Louis Vuitton revolutionized its operating model to better serve its clients and enhance its luxury image.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1064,"featured_media":1613,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[132,118,133,109,16,7,127],"class_list":["post-1610","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-model","category-luxury","category-operational-alignment","category-operational-efficiency","category-retail","category-winner","category-winners"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/the-tom-challenge-tom-winners-and-losers-assignment\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Louis Vuitton: Luxury handbags coming off an assembly line? 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