  {"id":1568,"date":"2015-12-06T01:32:13","date_gmt":"2015-12-06T06:32:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/problems-at-lenovo\/"},"modified":"2015-12-06T01:48:33","modified_gmt":"2015-12-06T06:48:33","slug":"lenovo-for-those-who-do-not-have-a-good-operating-model","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/lenovo-for-those-who-do-not-have-a-good-operating-model\/","title":{"rendered":"Lenovo: for those who do not have a good operating model"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>The Market<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Brazilian PC Market has a few defining characteristics:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A large number of both local and global players (incl. Dell, HP, Positivo, Samsung, Sony, LG, Acer and Asus) compete in the market<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Sales are highly concentrated by a few retailers, such as WalMart, M\u00e1quina de Vendas and Via Varejo<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The importance placed in technological performance and novelty mean that products become obsolete in 18-36 months, requiring a constant pipeline of new models and generations<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Consumers are increasingly turning to other devices (such as smartphones and tablets) for work, internet and games, what is negatively affecting the PC market<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lenovo Brazil Business Model<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lenovo Brazil is a subsidiary of Lenovo Group Ltd., a global consumer electronics company. Its business model consists in buying raw materials and components from other companies, either imported from Asia or in Brazil<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>, assembling finished PC, tablets, TVs and smartphones and selling to distributors and retailers in Brazil<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>. The company operates three PC product lines accross two brands: low-cost consumer PCs (CCE brand), premium consumer PCs (Lenovo brand) and commercial PCs (Lenovo Brand).<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lenovo Brazil business model rests on three foundations:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Generating <strong>economies of scale<\/strong> in the high-volume consumer market to achieve cost efficiencies in the highly competitive but lucrative commercial market <a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Maintaining a <strong>large portfolio<\/strong> to serve clients of different price sensitivity and needs in order to\u00a0achieve those economies of scale<\/li>\n<li>Distributing products through <strong>an extensive<\/strong> <strong>retail network<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1563 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/021-300x162.jpg\" alt=\"02\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/021-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/021-600x325.jpg 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/021.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Challenges in the Operating Model<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><strong>[9]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>Structure<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are seven directors reporting to the general manager: consumer sales, commercial sales, operations, finance, HR, marketing, strategy and planning. There is considerable confusion between functions. For instance, all 4P decisions (product, promotion, price and placement) were taken by consumer and commercial sales directors (instead of marketing).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Processes<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Retailers does not share \u201csell through\u201d data with Lenovo, and sales plans are not negotiated in advance with retail customers, leading to frequent sales plan changes. As a consequence, the operating plan is updated constantly, what increases production costs. For instance, when the sales plan increases, a large percentage of raw materials has to be flown in from China, increasing COGS. Alternatively, a decrease in the sales plan volume increases obsolescence and inventory costs.<\/li>\n<li>The acquisition of CCE in 2013 meant Lenovo had to work with two parallel and incompatible ERP systems. As a result, the company controls its costs using simple spreadsheets, leading to data reliability problems.<\/li>\n<li>The company only measures performance on an aggregate level (e.g. sales, operating profit). Individual employees do not have specific KPIs independently measured. It is uncommon for employees to hold performance conversations and feedback sessions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Assets and Capabilities<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lenovo did not have any factory in Brazil until 2012. In 2014, it had five, four of which used to belong to CCE and are located in Manaus, 2000 miles from the S\u00e3o Paulo headquarters.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Products assembled in Manaus have to be sent by truck to the company\u2019s warehouses, leading to long lead times and large logistics costs.<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Lead times from raw materials procurement to sell-through was between 6-9 months if the product was assembled in Manaus, extremely high for an industry with a short shelf life.<\/li>\n<li>High turnover levels and recent cost cutting measures decreased employee morale in the past year<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/CCE_-_Planta_Brasil.jpg_33444724.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1567 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/CCE_-_Planta_Brasil.jpg_33444724-300x206.jpg\" alt=\"CCE_-_Planta_Brasil.jpg_33444724\" width=\"300\" height=\"206\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/CCE_-_Planta_Brasil.jpg_33444724-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/CCE_-_Planta_Brasil.jpg_33444724-600x412.jpg 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/CCE_-_Planta_Brasil.jpg_33444724.jpg 625w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Consequences<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lenovo Brazil has been experiencing performance problems due to the mismatch between its business model and its operating model. Its business model strives for lower costs through economies of scale. Some consequences of its operating model, such as long lead times, large obsolescence and inventory costs, flawed cost accounting and incomplete performance management stands in the way of a low-cost operation. Until it adjusts its operating model to better support its business model, performance is unlikely to recover.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> IDC reports (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.idc.com\/tracker\/showproductinfo.jsp?prod_id=561\">http:\/\/www.idc.com\/tracker\/showproductinfo.jsp?prod_id=561<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Company interviews<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/computing\/134760-pc-obsolescence-is-obsolete\">http:\/\/www.extremetech.com\/computing\/134760-pc-obsolescence-is-obsolete<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hardware.com.br\/noticias\/2015-09\/estudo-da-idc-brasil-mostra-que-mercado-de-pcs-continua-em-queda-livre-no-pais.html\">http:\/\/www.hardware.com.br\/noticias\/2015-09\/estudo-da-idc-brasil-mostra-que-mercado-de-pcs-continua-em-queda-livre-no-pais.html<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS25742015\">http:\/\/www.idc.com\/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS25742015<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hardware.com.br\/noticias\/2015-09\/estudo-da-idc-brasil-mostra-que-mercado-de-pcs-continua-em-queda-livre-no-pais.html\">http:\/\/www.hardware.com.br\/noticias\/2015-09\/estudo-da-idc-brasil-mostra-que-mercado-de-pcs-continua-em-queda-livre-no-pais.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.valor.com.br\/empresas\/4267796\/tres-anos-depois-da-compra-lenovo-devolve-cce-para-familia-sverner\">http:\/\/www.valor.com.br\/empresas\/4267796\/tres-anos-depois-da-compra-lenovo-devolve-cce-para-familia-sverner<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tecnoblog.net\/106683\/lenovo-fabrica-brasil\/\">https:\/\/tecnoblog.net\/106683\/lenovo-fabrica-brasil\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Company interviews<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> This section is based on company interviews<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tecnoblog.net\/112777\/lenovo-compra-cce\/\">https:\/\/tecnoblog.net\/112777\/lenovo-compra-cce\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> This was offset by large tax incentives for electronics companies to set up factories in Manaus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lenovo Brazil created a good business model, but can execute it well?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1263,"featured_media":1569,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[18,19,320,119,212],"class_list":["post-1568","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-consumer","category-consumer-tech","category-ineffective","category-loser","category-tech"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/the-tom-challenge-tom-winners-and-losers-assignment\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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