{"id":14273,"date":"2016-11-04T23:15:16","date_gmt":"2016-11-05T03:15:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/traveling-to-iceland-perhaps-think-twice\/"},"modified":"2016-11-04T23:15:16","modified_gmt":"2016-11-05T03:15:16","slug":"traveling-to-iceland-perhaps-think-twice","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/traveling-to-iceland-perhaps-think-twice\/","title":{"rendered":"Traveling to Iceland? Perhaps think twice."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This week, over 150 性视界 Business School students will travel to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iceland.is\/\">Iceland<\/a>, a country known for its <a href=\"https:\/\/guidetoiceland.is\/nature-info\">natural beauty<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/flights\/stopover\/?pos=US&amp;lang=en\">\u201cfree\u201d airplane layovers<\/a>. Their round trip flights between Boston and Reykjavik will emit 100 tons of CO<sub>2<\/sub> into the atmosphere, an amount of greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to driving 217,421 miles in an average passenger vehicle.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><sup>,<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>However, HBS students are not the only ones eager to visit Iceland. Tourists are flocking to the island at shocking rates. In 2015, 1.3 million people traveled to Iceland, an increase of 164% over 2010 figures.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> Between 2008 and 2015, air transport to Iceland increased 140%, compared to a mere increase of 14% in the United States.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14272\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14272\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/air-transport-passengers.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14272 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/air-transport-passengers-1024x744.png\" alt=\"air-transport-passengers\" width=\"640\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/air-transport-passengers-1024x744.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/air-transport-passengers-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/air-transport-passengers-768x558.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/air-transport-passengers-600x436.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/air-transport-passengers.png 1422w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14272\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beginning in 2008, Iceland saw a huge increase in air transport passengers compared to 1970 figures.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The increase in tourism in Iceland poses significant climate change challenges for Icelandic companies in the tourism sector.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/\">Icelandair<\/a>, Iceland\u2019s leading airline by market share, is one example of such company affected by climate change.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> In particular, Icelandair is faced with the following challenges:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The drastic increase in air travel has a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions.<\/strong> A round trip flight from Boston to Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, emits approximately 133 tons of CO<sub>2<\/sub> or 0.67 tons of CO<sub>2<\/sub> per passenger.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> That\u2019s a whopping 867,100 tons of CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions as a result of all air travel to and from Iceland in 2015.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a> To offset this amount of CO<sub>2<\/sub> emissions, we would need to plant 744,618 acres of U.S. forests in one year, not an easy feat.<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14271\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14271\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/visitors-and-co2-emissions-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14271 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/visitors-and-co2-emissions-1-1024x744.png\" alt=\"visitors-and-co2-emissions\" width=\"640\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/visitors-and-co2-emissions-1-1024x744.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/visitors-and-co2-emissions-1-300x218.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/visitors-and-co2-emissions-1-768x558.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/visitors-and-co2-emissions-1-600x436.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/visitors-and-co2-emissions-1.png 1422w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14271\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Over the last 10 years, the number of visitors to Iceland has increased. This increase is mirrored by an increase in CO2 emissions from the transportation sector (except for 2013).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Climate change causes volatility in the tourism industry.<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/doi\/10.1002\/2014GL062446\/full\">Research<\/a> indicates that melting glaciers in Iceland due to rising temperatures could lead to an increase in the number of erupted volcanos in Iceland to as much as one in seven years.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> As a result of the erratic nature of natural disasters, tourists may be deterred from visiting the country, especially following a volcanic eruption. Moreover, a sporadic decline in visitors due to events triggered by climate change could drastically effect Icelandair\u2019s revenues, a situation they must prepare for.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These two challenges highlight the interrelated nature of climate change and tourism. Thus, there is not only an ethical case for addressing climate change, but there is also a business case for doing so.<\/p>\n<p>As outlined in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/\">Icelandair\u2019s environmental policy<\/a>, the company is taking a proactive approach to mitigating their carbon footprint. Their environmental policy includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Development of greener aircraft. <\/strong>Icelandair has made several technological improvements to its aircraft to increase fuel efficiency. For example, the company installed winglets on their primary aircraft, B757-200s. These winglets \u201creduce fuel consumption by over 4% by diminishing wind resistance,\u201d thereby reducing carbon emissions.<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Use of renewable energy instead of fossil fuels. <\/strong>Icelandair\u2019s headquarters relies on electricity from 100% renewable sources, namely hydropower and geothermal power. In addition, the office puts a timer on the lights so they automatically shut off at the end of the day.<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>Partnership with the Kolvi\u00f0ur Iceland Carbon Fund to facilitate carbon consciousness. <\/strong>Through Icelandair\u2019s partnership with the Kolvi\u00f0ur Iceland Carbon Fund, passengers can choose to offset the carbon emissions generated by their flight during the ticket-buying process. The fund uses the money to plant trees and grow forests, a method for sequestering carbon.<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Icelandair is aiming for carbon neutral growth by 2020 and zero emissions by 2050.<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a> To achieve this goal, and also address volatility in tourism as a result of climate change, Icelandair may also want to consider the following strategies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Partner with the Government of Iceland to develop a robust disaster relief plan for extreme weather events caused by climate change. <\/strong>Tourism is one of the biggest industries in Iceland, and an extreme weather event, such as a volcanic eruption, could have a devastating impact on companies in the tourism sector. Therefore, Icelandair should work with the Government of Iceland to build a disaster relief plan that would be equipped to handle the large number of tourists who visit the country at any given time. The plan would serve the dual-purpose of ensuring tourists in Iceland are safe if a natural disaster occurs and reassuring potential tourists who may be reluctant to travel to Iceland given the increased likelihood of a natural disaster.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Limit flights to Iceland that are not full to capacity. <\/strong>As we have seen, air travel is quite onerous on the environment. Likewise, flights that are not at capacity generate less revenue. Given the environmental and financial impacts of operating partially-empty aircraft, Icelandair should limit the amount of flights that are not at capacity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, when you travel to Iceland this week, think about your carbon footprint. Iceland\u2019s glaciers and lagoons may not be around forever; however, Icelandair is committed to protecting our climate \u2013 and international travel experiences. The question is: are you?<\/p>\n<p><em>Interested in calculating your Carbon footprint and seeing how your air travel affects the environment? Check out <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icao.int\/environmental-protection\/carbonoffset\/pages\/default.aspx\">these<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.org\/greenliving\/carboncalculator\/\">great<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.epa.gov\/carbon-footprint-calculator\/\">resources<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Word Count: 799<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Calculation assumes the following: (1) roundtrip between Boston and Reykjavik is approximately 5,000 miles; (2) airplane is a Boeing 757-200, the most common airplane in the Icelandair fleet; and (3) the plane is full to capacity. Icelandair, \u201cIcelandair Fleet,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/our-fleet\/\">http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/our-fleet\/<\/a>, accessed November 2016. BlueSkyModel, \u201c1 air mile,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/blueskymodel.org\/air-mile\">http:\/\/blueskymodel.org\/air-mile<\/a>, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> US Environmental Protection Agency, \u201cGreenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/energy\/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/energy\/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator<\/a>, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> World DataBank, The World Bank Group, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> World DataBank, The World Bank Group, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> The World Tourism Organization, \u201cClimate Change &amp; Tourism,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/sdt.unwto.org\/en\/content\/climate-change-tourism\">http:\/\/sdt.unwto.org\/en\/content\/climate-change-tourism<\/a>, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> CAPA Centre for Aviation, \u201cIcelandair: Atlantic niche drives strong growth in 2014, but 2015 profit growth relies on lower fuel,\u201d February 9, 2015, <a href=\"http:\/\/centreforaviation.com\/analysis\/icelandair-atlantic-niche-drives-strong-growth-in-2014-but-2015-profit-growth-relies-on-lower-fuel-208678\">http:\/\/centreforaviation.com\/analysis\/icelandair-atlantic-niche-drives-strong-growth-in-2014-but-2015-profit-growth-relies-on-lower-fuel-208678<\/a>, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Calculation assumes the following: (1) roundtrip between Boston and Reykjavik is approximately 5,000 miles; (2) airplane is a Boeing 757-200, the most common airplane in the Icelandair fleet; and (3) the plane is full to capacity. Icelandair, \u201cIcelandair Fleet,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/our-fleet\/\">http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/our-fleet\/<\/a>, accessed November 2016. BlueSkyModel, \u201c1 air mile,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/blueskymodel.org\/air-mile\">http:\/\/blueskymodel.org\/air-mile<\/a>, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> This is a lower bound. Calculation assumes everyone has a roundtrip of 5,000 miles (roundtrip distance between Boston and Reykjavik). In reality, many flights are probably coming from further away given Boston\u2019s relatively close location.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> US Environmental Protection Agency, \u201cGreenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/energy\/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/energy\/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator<\/a>, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Kathleen Compton, Richard A. Bennett, and Sigr\u00fan Hreinsd\u00f3ttir, \u201cClimate\u2010driven vertical acceleration of Icelandic crust measured by continuous GPS geodesy,\u201d <em>Geophysical Research Letters <\/em>42, no. 3 (2015): 743-750, <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/doi\/10.1002\/2014GL062446\/full\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu\/doi\/10.1002\/2014GL062446\/full<\/a>, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Icelandair, \u201cIcelandair\u2019s Environmental Policy,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/\">http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/<\/a>, November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> Icelandair, \u201cIcelandair\u2019s Environmental Policy,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/\">http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/<\/a>, November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> Icelandair, \u201cIcelandair\u2019s Environmental Policy,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/\">http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/<\/a>, November 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Icelandair, \u201cIcelandair\u2019s Environmental Policy,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/\">http:\/\/www.icelandair.us\/information\/about-icelandair\/environmental-policy\/<\/a>, November 2016.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With today\u2019s technology, air travel is hugely taxing on the environment. However, companies, such as Icelandair, are working to ensure we can continue to enjoy the world\u2019s beauty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2012,"featured_media":14274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[889,1218,2016,2014,1574,2015,2012,2013,306,164,138],"class_list":["post-14273","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation","category-climate-change","category-co2-emissions","category-government-of-iceland","category-greenhouse-gas-emissions","category-hbs-students","category-iceland","category-icelandair","category-tourism","category-transportation","category-travel"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/climate-change-challenge-2016\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Traveling to Iceland? Perhaps think twice. - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/traveling-to-iceland-perhaps-think-twice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Traveling to Iceland? Perhaps think twice. - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With today\u2019s technology, air travel is hugely taxing on the environment. 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