  {"id":1346,"date":"2015-12-05T19:00:08","date_gmt":"2015-12-06T00:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/"},"modified":"2015-12-06T20:43:38","modified_gmt":"2015-12-07T01:43:38","slug":"ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/","title":{"rendered":"IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u201cTo design a desk which may cost $1,000 is easy for a furniture designer, but to design a functional and good desk which shall cost $50 can only be done by the very best. Expensive solutions to all kinds of problems are often signs of mediocrity.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>\u2013 Ingvar Kamprad, Founder of IKEA<\/p>\n<p>Today, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ikea.com\/ms\/en_US\/this-is-ikea\/company-information\/\" target=\"_blank\">IKEA<\/a> is the world&#8217;s largest furniture retail chain with 315 stores in 27 countries generating over $35 billion of revenue. At a time when online shopping is disrupting the traditional retail model, the Swedish retail icon has drawn more than 715 million visitors to its stores in 2014. IKEA has positioned itself in a highly competitive industry as the provider of <strong>affordable, high-quality furniture to the masses<\/strong>. But how does IKEA do it? How can it consistently offer innovatively designed furniture at such a low price?<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Business Model<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>IKEA\u2019s business concept is \u201cto provide well designed, functional home furnishings at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them.\u201d Traditionally, people have viewed furniture as a meaningful investment and more of a permanent product within the household. IKEA has revolutionized the consumer\u2019s way of thinking by introducing furniture that is well designed, but intended to be used immediately and disposed of in a shorter time frame (i.e. when worn out or when the user has moved on to a different taste level). This is achieved by producing home furnishing products with a focus on combining function, quality, design and value.<\/p>\n<p>IKEA has successfully capitalized on a differentiated low price business model by having this vision permeate through every part of the organization, from design, sourcing, packing and distributing. Low prices require sustainable low cost and efficient operations at every step along the way. IKEA is a clear \u201cwinner\u201d by its proven ability to consistently offer high quality products at affordable prices through optimizing its entire supply chain, operations, and inventory management to support a low price, value oriented product offering for the consumer.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The IKEA Group - The Story of How We Work\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1jn2_nZrivQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Operating Model<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>IKEA is able to offer more than 9,500 products at low prices as a result of <strong>strategic\u00a0supply chain processes, efficient\u00a0back-end operations, and best-in-class inventory management techniques<\/strong>. These various functions work together to support IKEA\u2019s distinctive value proposition.<\/p>\n<p><em>Design &amp; Packaging<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1266 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/ikea-flatpack-furniture-1-537x387-300x216.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"236\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/ikea-flatpack-furniture-1-537x387-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/ikea-flatpack-furniture-1-537x387.jpg 537w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 236px) 100vw, 236px\" \/><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The value chain begins at the very ideation and design of the product itself. IKEA excels at designing products that incur low\u00a0manufacturing costs while meeting strict requirements for function, quality and efficient distribution. IKEA seeks to use as few materials as possible to make the furniture, without sacrificing quality, in order to make packing, handling, and transportation more cost efficient. Based on conscious design considerations, ready-to-assemble items are then provided to customers in flat-packed form which results in reduced cost of shipping, storing, construction and assembling.<\/p>\n<p><em>Supply Chain<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>As a high volume, global retailer buying products from more than 1,800 suppliers in 50 countries, IKEA understands the power of strong communications and relationship management with materials suppliers and manufacturers. This is clearly evidenced by its 43 local trading offices in 33 countries to manage relationships with suppliers and ultimately ensure more than 95% of inventory will be in stock. Given its size IKEA should foster competition and leverage its suppliers against each other, right?\u00a0 No. IKEA believes in making long-term business relationships with its suppliers by signing long-term contracts, thus realizing <em>sustainably <\/em>low cost of goods sold in a volume business. For IKEA, the suppliers are not simply an isolated function within the overall value chain, but instead viewed as a collaborator in\u00a0which IKEA personnel can work side-by-side with individual suppliers directly at their factories. As IKEA describes, \u201cWith [the suppliers] help, we\u2019re able to use the most efficient, cost-effective and creative ways to bring our designs to life. It\u2019s this special spirit of togetherness that allows us to make advances in smart product design, packaging and distribution.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Inventory Management<\/em><\/p>\n<p>At a typical IKEA store customers can browse for items in a comfortable showroom environment on the first and second floors and then obtain any desired product themselves from the ground floor pallet location. So why is IKEA different? IKEA is able to reduce the \u201ccost-per-touch,\u201d the idea that the more hands that touch the product the more it costs, by operating in a unique physical environment in which the retail store is also the warehouse itself. This is why IKEA wants as much self-service as possible and leaves the onus on the customer to obtain the product themselves from the ground floor location. The key to IKEA\u2019s inventory system is to manage this retail-warehouse relationship via tightly controlled in-store logistics.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Inventory-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-1290\" src=\"https:\/\/i4tsk12in2b2y7uts14c528g-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Inventory-2-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Inventory 2\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Inventory-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/Inventory-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>IKEA is able to store a large amount of inventory because the products are flat packed by automated machines which work 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. IKEA employs in-store logistics personnel (which is relatively rare in retailing) given the large amount of inventory and necessity of an efficient flow of goods to support high volume sales. There is an in-store logistics manager responsible for the ordering process and a store goods manager responsible for material handling logistics at all IKEA stores. \u00a0The in-store logistics managers use an inventory replenishment management process developed by IKEA called \u201cminimum\/maximum settings\u201d to strategically balance\u00a0customer demand (minimizing stock outs) and warehousing (inventory\/space management).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Minimum settings: The minimum amount of products available before reordering<\/li>\n<li>Maximum settings: The maximum amount of a particular product to order at one time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><u>A Model of Excellence<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>From the maze-layout of the showroom to the revolutionary idea of having your customer assemble the furniture themselves, IKEA has built a tightly aligned operating model to support its vision of \u201cproviding a range of home furnishing products that are affordable to the many people, not just the few.\u201d These highlighted strategies, combined with the many other unique\u00a0operating intricacies not mentioned here, have made IKEA the world\u2019s most successful furniture retailer with high product demand and low operating costs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sources:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">http:\/\/www.ikea.com (Company website)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">http:\/\/www.bain.com\/publications\/articles\/winning-operating-models-that-convert-strategy-to-results<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">http:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/marketing\/distribution-of-ikea-products-marketing-essay<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">http:\/\/cmuscm.blogspot.sg\/2013\/02\/ikeas-low-price-strategy<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">http:\/\/businesscasestudies.co.uk\/ikea\/building-a-sustainable-supply-chain<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">http:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/3039598\/most-innovative-companies-2015\/ikea<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">http:\/\/www.therobinreport.com\/is-ikea-the-most-influential-retailer-of-the-past-25-year<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">https:\/\/www.tradegecko.com\/blog\/ikeas-inventory-management-strategy-ikea<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">http:\/\/www.supplytimes.com\/inventory-management\/ikeas-inventory-management-strategy-why-it-works<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>High quality home furnishings at affordable prices achieved by optimizing the entire supply chain, operations, and inventory management<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":967,"featured_media":1347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[233,172,110,44,7],"class_list":["post-1346","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ikea","category-inventory","category-low-cost-uncategorized","category-supply-chain-management","category-winner"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/the-tom-challenge-tom-winners-and-losers-assignment\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"High quality home furnishings at affordable prices achieved by optimizing the entire supply chain, operations, and inventory management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-12-07T01:43:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/IKEA-Logo.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"718\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\\\/\",\"name\":\"IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer - Technology and Operations Management\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2015\\\/12\\\/IKEA-Logo.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-12-06T00:00:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-12-07T01:43:38+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2015\\\/12\\\/IKEA-Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2015\\\/12\\\/IKEA-Logo.png\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":718},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Submissions\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/submission\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/\",\"name\":\"Technology and Operations Management\",\"description\":\"MBA Student Perspectives\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"性视界Action\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d3.harvard.edu\\\/platform-rctom\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer - Technology and Operations Management","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer - Technology and Operations Management","og_description":"High quality home furnishings at affordable prices achieved by optimizing the entire supply chain, operations, and inventory management","og_url":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/","og_site_name":"Technology and Operations Management","article_modified_time":"2015-12-07T01:43:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2000,"height":718,"url":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/IKEA-Logo.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/","url":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/","name":"IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer - Technology and Operations Management","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/IKEA-Logo.png","datePublished":"2015-12-06T00:00:08+00:00","dateModified":"2015-12-07T01:43:38+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/IKEA-Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/12\/IKEA-Logo.png","width":2000,"height":718},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/ikea-worlds-most-successful-furniture-retailer\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Submissions","item":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"IKEA: World\u2019s Most Successful Furniture Retailer"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/#website","url":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/","name":"Technology and Operations Management","description":"MBA Student Perspectives","potentialAction":[{"@type":"性视界Action","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hck-submission\/1346","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hck-submission"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/hck-submission"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/967"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1346"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hck-submission\/1346\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}