{"id":11799,"date":"2016-11-04T17:38:55","date_gmt":"2016-11-04T21:38:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/food-security-under-climate-change-go-fish\/"},"modified":"2016-11-04T17:38:55","modified_gmt":"2016-11-04T21:38:55","slug":"food-security-under-climate-change-go-fish","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/food-security-under-climate-change-go-fish\/","title":{"rendered":"Food security under climate change. GO FISH?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11056 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fish-story-820x545-1-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"fish-story-820x545\" width=\"285\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fish-story-820x545-1-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fish-story-820x545-1-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fish-story-820x545-1-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fish-story-820x545-1.jpg 820w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/>I remember my mom used to talk a lot about sustainability while I was growing up. \u00a0We would go on the company&#8217;s fishing boats and she would say :<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8220;This won&#8217;t always be this way.. resources are not infinite and you need to be mindful of that, it will be the challenge of your generation&#8221; \u00a0 Well, I did not fully grasp what my mom meant back then and certainly today it took me a while to fully understand what sustainability really meant in the food industry. \u00a0So here&#8217;s a definition I really like: &#8221; It is understanding how actions affect future generations and making sure we do not deplete all of our resources &#8221; [1]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">So what is the fishing industry exactly and why does it matter.. at all? \u00a0 \u00a0First, the export value of world trade as of 2014 was <em><strong>US$ 148 billion<\/strong><\/em>. \u00a0From seafood exports, <em><strong>54% came from developing countries<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Also, \u00a0<em><strong>around 12% of the world&#8217;s population relies on fisheries and aquaculture for they livelihoods.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>[2]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0Last, this global industry sector provides <strong>2.9 billion people with 20% of their animal protein needs<\/strong> [3]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Climate change has made a tremendous impact on the industry as oceans are drastically changing and the marine ecosystems are experiencing massive variations . \u00a0 Among this conditions, there is temperature,salinity, sea ice extend, oxygen levels and circulation. \u00a0What does this represent for \u00a0 \u00a0 the fi<a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fishi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12214 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fishi-300x173.jpg\" alt=\"BDO_oceanconsumption_infographic_1660x960_V3\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fishi-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fishi-768x444.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fishi-1024x592.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fishi-600x347.jpg 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/fishi.jpg 1660w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>shing industry?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">* Changes in primary and secondary productivity<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">* Change in distribution of species (due to water temperature and salinity)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">* Timing of biological events [4]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>Important fact<\/strong><\/span> &#8212;&gt;\u00a0scenarios with high emissions (meaning changes in the ocean&#8217;s temperature greater than 2 degrees warming) \u00a0would reduce the industry&#8217;s revenues by <strong>10%<\/strong> and scenarios with low emissions ( ocean warming of 2 degrees or less) would represent a <strong>7%<\/strong> decrease in revenues [5]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A research conducted by the University of British Columbia proposed management of ecosystems as a way to build climate change resilience. \u00a0 They came up with three management scenarios[6] :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Closing the high seas for fishing (<em>high seas<\/em>\u00a0are areas of the ocean that are outside jurisdictions of any country and cover nearly two thirds of the ocean surface)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Seeking international cooperation to manage\/cap fishing<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Maintaining status quo (each country\/company self regulates its catch quotas)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>SCENARIO 1 <\/strong>turned out to be the best possibility.\u00a0<strong>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This theory rose a particular interest in\u00a0one of the largest fishing industry incumbents :<\/p>\n<h5>Nissui: Nippon Suisan Kaisha<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/nissui.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12848 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/nissui-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"nissui\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/nissui-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/nissui-600x468.jpg 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/nissui.jpg 620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nissui is based in Japan, \u00a0It is one of the largest in the world with global operations that include 61 subsidiaries and 44 associate companies across the world. [7]<\/p>\n<p>It was surprising to me that Nissui would be interested in adopting such a measure for sustainable oceans.\u00a0 \u00a0I believe that there are many issues that companies and governments need to address in order to be able to implement such management of the ecosystems as a way to cope with climate change.<\/p>\n<p>I do want to discuss the operational and political impact of such iniciative.<\/p>\n<p>Because high seas are outside any country&#8217;s jurisdiction, I wonder if this initiative could be undertaken by countries as a sustainability approach in this industry or by all means needs to be a private initiative? \u00a0Second, from an operational stand point this would mean that there needs to be a massive shift in the global supply chain of seafood, specially at the sourcing. \u00a0 \u00a0Are companies in favour of closing the high seas for fishing the ones that actually have the infrastructure to move to farm fishing, as is the case of Nissui? \u00a0Because if there is no possibility of sourcing from the ocean, the immediate step would be moving to farming&#8230; how exactly will that benefit all the informal small fishing companies in emerging countries?<\/p>\n<p>None the less, it is an initiative that should be taken in consideration and for doing so there are a few things that I believe Nissui needs to do in order to push this initiative forward.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>There needs to be some monitoring or collection of information about how the fish species behave once catch quotas are limited or drawn to zero.<\/li>\n<li>There must be a way to trace the supply chain and how the demand is being sourced exactly. \u00a0Since they are a global player, it is a great opportunity to obtain information in different geographies.<\/li>\n<li>Identify -from within their infrastructure- if they are ready to alleviate the increase in demand for farmed fish<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Only after this isolated trial would Nissui be able to predict if limiting high seas catch would provide a positive and sustainable outcome not just for the marine ecosystems but to all aspects impacted by such a change.<br \/>\n<sup id=\"cite_ref-7\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>(word count: 767)<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li>Mazzetta Company, LLC. \u00a0Responsibility and Sustainability Report http:\/\/www.mazzetta.com\/PDFsub\/Corporate_Responsibility_Report_compressed.pdf#page=14<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Marine Stewardship Council, The Seafood Economy. \u00a0https:\/\/www.msc.org\/healthy-oceans\/the-oceans-today\/the-seafood-economy<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Secure sustainable seafood from developing countries, www.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aaa4639<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Cheung, W. W. L., Jones, M. C., Lam, V. W. Y., D Miller, D., Ota, Y., Teh, L. and Sumaila, U. R. (2016), Transform high seas management to build climate resilience in marine seafood supply. Fish Fish. doi:10.1111\/faf.12177<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Vicky W. Y. Lam et al, Projected change in global fisheries revenues under climate change, Scientific Reports (2016)<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Fujita R, et al. Managing for a resilient ocean. Mar. Policy (2012), http:\/\/micheli.stanford.edu\/pdf\/<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Nissui\u00a0http:\/\/www.nissui.co.jp\/english\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Among our best answers -yet- to address climate change in the food industry is managing marine ecosystems by restricting, if not closing, the high seas for fishing.       .. wait, what?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1961,"featured_media":13351,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1218,1751,1484,1224,1470,1233],"class_list":["post-11799","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change","category-commercial-fishing","category-fishing","category-food-security","category-marine-life","category-ocean-warming"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/climate-change-challenge-2016\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Food security under climate change. 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