  {"id":11658,"date":"2016-11-04T16:58:40","date_gmt":"2016-11-04T20:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/record-breaking-athletes-battle-record-breaking-temperatures-climate-change-as-a-threat-to-the-future-of-the-olympics\/"},"modified":"2016-11-08T00:20:55","modified_gmt":"2016-11-08T05:20:55","slug":"record-breaking-athletes-battle-record-breaking-temperatures-climate-change-as-a-threat-to-the-olympics","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/record-breaking-athletes-battle-record-breaking-temperatures-climate-change-as-a-threat-to-the-olympics\/","title":{"rendered":"Record-Breaking Athletes Battle Record-Breaking Temperatures: Climate Change as a Threat to the Olympics"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A flower has sprouted in the street.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Buses, streetcars, steel stream of traffic: steer clear.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A flower, still pale, has fooled the police, <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">it\u2019s breaking through the asphalt.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let\u2019s have complete silence, halt all business.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I swear that a flower has been born.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its color is uncertain.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s not showing its petals.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Its name isn\u2019t in the books.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is ugly, but it really is a flower.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I sit down on the ground of the nation\u2019s capital at five in the afternoon<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and fondle with my fingers this precarious form.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s ugly, but it\u2019s a flower.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It broke through the asphalt, tedium, disgust, and hatred.<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Dame Judi Dench poignantly read the above translation of \u201cNausea and The Flower,\u201d a poem by Brazil\u2019s Carlos Drummond de Andrade, at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, the world took notice: Rio de Janeiro brought the conversation about climate change front and center at the Olympics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a ceremony broadcast to an estimated primetime audience of above 3 billion,[1] the organizers devoted an entire segment to stark warnings about rising sea levels and global warming. The traditionally five-colored Olympic rings were unveiled in an all-green version. The cauldron had a low-emission\u00a0design alluding to the power of solar energy. Reaction was immediate: The climate change focus headlined ceremony reviews.[2]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Rio 2016 Opening Ceremony Full HD Replay | Rio 2016 Olympic Games\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/N_qXm9HY9Ro?start=3207&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While most praised the initiative,[3] some wondered what the Olympics have to do with climate change.[4] The answer, as it turns out, is: A whole lot. A recent study published in the journal <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lancet<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0shows that climate changes poses a threat to the very existence of the summer Olympic Games as we know today.[5]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The study forecasts the impact of climate change in major cities in the northern hemisphere across four dimensions &#8211; temperature, humidity, heat radiation and wind &#8211; along the upcoming decades, and then compares the data points against safety standards currently used by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to assess a city\u2019s bid to stage the Games. These standards range from athlete health safeguards to likelihood of event cancellation due to extreme weather conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The findings are striking: By 2085, only four cities in the northern\u00a0hemisphere &#8211; Belfast, Dublin, Edinburgh and Glasgow &#8211; will meet the IOC\u2019s criteria to host the Games. In all others, rising temperatures and humidity will cause heat stress to limit the viability of outdoor endurance events. Traditional summer Olympic events such as the marathon, race walking and road cycling will be particularly life-threatening for athletes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In addition to putting athletes\u2019 health at risk, climate change will also compromise\u00a0the commercial viability of the Olympics\u00a0as a major sporting event.\u00a0\u201cRisk of unpredictable disruption of an event that involves billions of dollars, years of planning, hundreds of thousands of people, and massive global media attention would greatly reduce the attractiveness of a venue, particularly if the disruption is required to avoid serious risk to the athletes,\u201d warns\u00a0the study. Moreover, the breaking of records will be in jeopardy, as high\u00a0temperatures are not conducive to athletic breakthroughs.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-03-at-8.35.46-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-11912\" src=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-03-at-8.35.46-PM-300x158.png\" alt=\"screen-shot-2016-11-03-at-8-35-46-pm\" width=\"560\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-03-at-8.35.46-PM-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-03-at-8.35.46-PM-768x404.png 768w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-03-at-8.35.46-PM-1024x539.png 1024w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-03-at-8.35.46-PM-600x316.png 600w, https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/11\/Screen-Shot-2016-11-03-at-8.35.46-PM.png 1279w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The IOC has already started taking steps to address the effects of climate change on the Games. In addition to using the Olympic opening ceremony spotlight to educate a global audience on the perils of global warming, it has included a defense of sustainable practices in its Olympic Agenda 2020,[6] whose aim is to address challenges faced by the Olympic Movement. Olympic organizers have also fostered discussion specifically on the impact of climate change to the Games. For instance, the Rio organizing committee sponsored a symposium titled \u201cClimate Change: What The Olympics Have To Do With It?\u201d before the Games.[7]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">While these are praiseworthy efforts, the IOC and local organizing committees will likely have to both adapt existing Olympic protocols and invest heavily in the battle against global warming. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In terms of adapting existing protocols, the study mentions hosting outside events indoors as a possibility. This would, however, cause the undoing of Olympic staples\u00a0such as the marathon, with damaging consequences to the Olympic brand. As Achim Steiner, executive director of the UN Environment Program puts it, \u201cThe outdoors have been the arena for athletic achievement for thousands of years and today this tradition is nowhere more on display than at the Olympic Games.\u201d[8] <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other adaptive measures would be hosting summer Olympic events at night, in the winter or in a permanent site; requiring athletes to wear heat resistant gear; or simply removing endurance events from the Olympic portfolio. Any of these measures would face significant pushback\u00a0from a number of stakeholders involved in staging the Games. For instance, most National Olympic Committees would object to a permanent site. Host cities commonly use the marathon broadcast to advertise themselves as a tourist destination, and so would be hesitant to sanction nighttime marathons.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The IOC\u2019s best bet is, therefore, to step up efforts in the way of mitigating climate change effects. A good start would be for future host cities to build on Rio\u2019s laudable push\u00a0to associate\u00a0the Olympics with the fight against climate change. The IOC should also leverage the Olympic brand &#8211; one of the most valuable brands on Earth &#8211; by licensing it only to carbon-free\u00a0enterprises. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As an organization in charge of a truly global event, the IOC is in a position to fulfill Drummond de Andrade\u2019s vision and help more and more &#8220;flowers&#8221; break through the &#8220;tedium, disgust and hatred&#8221; climate change will bring about.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(Word Count: 799)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>References<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[1] <\/span>Camille von Kaenel et. alii, \u201cOlympics Ceremony Shines Spotlight on Climate Change,\u201d Scientific American, August 8, 2016, https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/olympics-ceremony-shines-spotlight-on-climate-change\/, accessed November\u00a02016.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[2]\u00a0<\/span>Brady Dennis, \u201cIn Olympics Opening Ceremony, Brazil Goes Big on Climate Change,\u201d The Washington Post, August\u00a05, 2016, https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/energy-environment\/wp\/2016\/08\/05\/in-olympics-opening-ceremony-brazil-goes-big-on-climate-change, accessed November\u00a02016.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[3] Diego Gonzaga, \u201cRio Olympics: Why the Opening Ceremony&#8217;s Spotlight on Climate Change Matters,\u201d Greenpeace, August 9, 2016, http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/international\/en\/news\/Blogs\/makingwaves\/rio-olympics-why-the-opening-ceremonys-spotli\/blog\/57225\/, accessed November\u00a02016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[4] Paulina Firozi, \u201cOlympics&#8217; Climate Change Message Sparks Conservative Backlash,\u201d The Hill, August 6, 2016,\u00a0http:\/\/thehill.com\/blogs\/blog-briefing-room\/news\/290623-olympics-climate-change-message-sparks-conservative-backlash, accessed November\u00a02016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">[5]<\/span><i>\u00a0<\/i>Kirk Smith et alii, \u201cThe last Summer Olympics? Climate Change, Health, and Work Outdoors,\u201d The Lancet Volume 388, August 13, 2016,\u00a0http:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/pdfs\/journals\/lancet\/PIIS0140-6736(16)31335-6.pdf,\u00a0accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p>[6] International Olympic Committee, \u201cOlympic Agenda 2020 Implementation Plan &#8211; 2016 and Beyond.\u201d Olympic.org, https:\/\/stillmed.olympic.org\/media\/Document%20Library\/OlympicOrg\/Documents\/Olympic-Agenda-2020\/Olympic-Agenda-2020-Implementation-Plan-2016-and-Beyond.pdf,\u00a0accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p>[7] Sport4Climate | Education, \u201cClimate Change: What the Olympics Have To Do With It,\u201d Connect4Climate.org, July 28, 2016, https:\/\/www.connect4climate.org\/event\/climate-change-what-olympics-have-to-do-with-it, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p>[8] Achim Steiner, \u201cFaster, Higher, Stronger, Greener,\u201d The Official Journal of the International Olympic Academy, no. 9 (April 2016), http:\/\/www.ioa.org.gr\/images\/side_books\/IOA_09_fr_low1.pdf, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Images<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Olympic Channel, \u201cRio 2016 Opening Ceremony Full HD Replay | Rio 2016 Olympic Games,\u201d YouTube, published June 12, 2013, https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=N_qXm9HY9Ro, accessed November 2016.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Climate change will put athletes\u2019 health at risk and compromise the commercial viability of the Olympics as a major sporting event. What is the Olympic Movement doing about it?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2353,"featured_media":12441,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[166,1218,1226,1647,167],"class_list":["post-11658","hck-submission","type-hck-submission","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-athletes","category-climate-change","category-global-warming","category-olympics","category-sports"],"connected_submission_link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/assignment\/climate-change-challenge-2016\/","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Record-Breaking Athletes Battle Record-Breaking Temperatures: Climate Change as a Threat to the Olympics - Technology and Operations Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/record-breaking-athletes-battle-record-breaking-temperatures-climate-change-as-a-threat-to-the-olympics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Record-Breaking Athletes Battle Record-Breaking Temperatures: Climate Change as a Threat to the Olympics - Technology and Operations Management\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Climate change will put athletes\u2019 health at risk and compromise the commercial viability of the Olympics as a major sporting event. 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