{"id":10773,"date":"2016-11-04T01:33:01","date_gmt":"2016-11-04T05:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digital.hbs.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/electric-vehicles-and-the-impact-in-the-overall-effect-in-renaults-carbon-footprint\/"},"modified":"2016-11-04T09:06:59","modified_gmt":"2016-11-04T13:06:59","slug":"electric-vehicles-and-the-impact-in-the-overall-effect-in-renaults-carbon-footprint","status":"publish","type":"hck-submission","link":"https:\/\/d3.harvard.edu\/platform-rctom\/submission\/electric-vehicles-and-the-impact-in-the-overall-effect-in-renaults-carbon-footprint\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric Vehicles and the impact in the overall effect in Renault\u2019s Carbon Footprint"},"content":{"rendered":"

In recent years, Automakers have understood that customers have shown increasing levels of awareness about the carbon footprints related to vehicles production and utilization. Because of that, since 2007, with the launch of the Toyota Prius (the first hybrid\u00a0vehicle in history), they have decided to invest in technologies to reduce carbon emissions from vehicles. Renault, a French automaker understood this trend in 2008 and started developing a new product line of Electric Vehicles to serve the European market as signals that electrification was the future became more and more evident: penetration of \u201celectrified vehicles\u201d, such as start-stop systems and full-hybrid systems such as the Toyota Prius, are expected to continue increase over the next few years. Start-Stop systems are expected to achieve 60% penetration by 2020, Hybrid vehicles already represent over 10% market share in the US market[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

More so, Automakers have in past years invested heavily in alternative fueling technologies such as full electrification. Adoption of Electric Vehicles has been accelerating in the last few years all over the world, a movement lead by Renault-Nissan, but also followed by other automakers in developed economies. In the UK, EVs already represent over 1% of the overall market, with registrations doubling from 2014 to 2015, and already showing a 9% increase in 2016[2]<\/a>. In the US, 115,262 new Plug-in Electric Vehicles were registered in 2015 and 118,882 in 2014.[3]<\/a>. In the past year, most of the Global Car Manufacturing Companies have reinstated their commitment to PEVs. Tesla has released the Model 3 and its plan to make affordable EVs. In the US, Ford is expected to spend $4.5 Billion to add 13 PEV models to its lineup by 2020[4]<\/a>. In Europe, Renault-Nissan together have already built 340,000 PEV vehicles since 2010[5]<\/a>. China has set a target of 5 million PEV vehicles by 2023.<\/p>\n

Renault-Nissan have since the inception released a number of new car models to achieve those impressive results: Nissan Leaf was the first to get to the market, with exceptional performance and marketing campaigns tightly associated with the Olympics in Rio; Renault has released the Zo\u00e9, Twizy, the Kangoo EV and the Fluence EV, appealing to all segments of the market.<\/p>\n

Type of energy storage is one aspect that might potentially affect the carbon footprint of this electric revolution. Currently, the EV market is highly concentrated in Battery-powered EVs, such as Renault-Nissan models, while only 3 models of Fuel-Cell EVs (Toyota Mirai, Hyundai ix35 and Honda Clarity), with a special attention to recent Toyota focus on FCEVs[6]<\/a> to distance itself from competition. But FCEV models are expected to jump to 17 in the next 11 years[7]<\/a>. This technology presents a challenge because one of the major challenges for EV deployment is the Lithium-Ion battery decommission, that at some instances might surpass the lifetime carbon footprint of using a regular Internal Combustion Engine vehicle.To counter, that Tesla has unveiled what it calls Closed Loop Battery Recycling Program[9]<\/strong><\/a>. <\/em>Mercedes-Benz has emphasized its batteries as having a second-life application at stationary environments (such as our homes)[10]<\/a>. Renault has also followed by working in alliance with Samsung in Korea to develop better battery Li-Ion cells in order to continue to be competitive in this search for better emissions.<\/p>\n

Also, as electric vehicles are deployed and start to impact the electrical grid, there is a discussion that emerges about the role of consumers in the energy distribution as they become potential energy storage units. Renault has worked closely with the Smart Cities\/Smart grid initiatives withIN EDF, the French utilities company, in order to\u00a0relevant impact in the current grid, especially in neighborhoods where EV adoption is likely to be high. If charged during peak hours, EVs are much more likely to rely on electricity generated from fossil-fuel power plants, which would increase its CO2<\/sub> footprint as well as require new investments in local distribution grid[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

All this scenario, although challenging, presents the possibilities for Automakers to take a relevant role in making their part in Climate Change.<\/p>\n

(664 words)<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> IHS Automotive Practice<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) August 2016 Report<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> 2015 Electric Vehicle Market Summary and Barriers, Electric Vehicle Transportation Center, Florida Solar Energy Center<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Ford Media Center – https:\/\/media.ford.com\/content\/fordmedia\/fna\/us\/en\/news\/2015\/12\/10\/ford-investing-4-5-billion-in-electrified-vehicle-solutions.html<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Nissan Newsroom – https:\/\/newsroom.nissan-global.com\/releases\/renault-nissan-alliance-delivers-annual-synergy-target-one-full-year-ahead-of-schedule<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Toyota Mirai website – https:\/\/ssl.toyota.com\/mirai\/fuel.html<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> IHS Automotive – http:\/\/press.ihs.com\/press-release\/automotive\/global-hydrogen-fuel-cell-electric-vehicle-market-buoyed-oems-will-launch-1<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Michelin press release \u2013 Copy available http:\/\/www.autoblog.com\/2008\/12\/01\/michelin-partners-with-chinese-firm-to-create-active-wheel-syste\/<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.tesla.com\/blog\/teslas-closed-loop-battery-recycling-program?redirect=no<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mercedes-benz.com\/en\/mercedes-benz\/next\/e-mobility\/the-second-lives-of-lithium-ion-batteries\/<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> NRECA \u201cManaging the Financial and Grid Impacts of Plug-in Electric Vehicles\u201d – http:\/\/www.nreca.coop\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2015\/06\/managing_the_financial_and_grid_impacts_of_plugin_electric_vehicles.pdf<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Electric and Hybrid vehicles are the next step for Automakers to reduce their carbon footprint, be included in the changing scenario of urban mobility and utilities and still push new technologies to the consumer to sustain margins. 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